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Table 2 Geometric means and percentage differences of volumetric mammographic density comparing insulin-treated T1D and T2D patients with age-matched individuals without diabetes

From: Long-term exposure to insulin and volumetric mammographic density: observational and genetic associations in the Karma study

 

No. of subjects

Geometric mean (95% CI)

Percent dense volume (%)

Absolute dense volume (cm3)

Absolute nondense volume (cm3)

Age- and BMI-adjusted

Multivariable-adjusted

Age- and BMI-adjusted

Multivariable-adjusted

Age- and BMI-adjusted

Multivariable-adjusted

Insulin-treated T1D

 Nondiabetics

610

8.7 (8.5; 9.1)

8.7 (8.4; 9.0)

59.6 (57.4; 61.9)

59.7 (57.5; 62.1)

610.3 (589.5; 631.8)

615.0 (593.8; 637.0)

 T1D - insulin any

122

11.3 (10.4; 12.2)

11.4 (10.5; 12.4)

65.7 (60.4; 71.5)

64.7 (58.8; 71.1)

509.8 (471.8; 550.9)

490.5 (450.0; 534.6)

 P value

 

< 0.001

< 0.001

0.01

0.14

< 0.001

< 0.001

 Nondiabetics

610

8.7 (8.5; 9.1)

8.7 (8.4; 9.0)

59.6 (57.4; 61.9)

59.8 (57.6; 62.2)

611.0 (590.2; 632.6)

615.7 (594.5; 637.7)

 T1D - nonglargine insulin

57

11.0 (9.8; 12.3)

11.5 (10.2; 13.0)

60.0 (52.7; 68.2)

59.1 (51.5; 67.9)

477.1 (423.9; 536.9)

447.2 (394.3; 507.2)

 T1D - glargine insulin

65

11.5(10.4; 12.8)

11.4 (10.2; 12.7)

70.9 (63.2; 79.6)

69.2 (61.3; 78.2)

534.1 (480.3; 593.9)

525.9 (470.8; 587.4)

 P value

 

< 0.001

< 0.001

0.02

0.07

< 0.001

< 0.001

Insulin-treated T2D

 Nondiabetics

1161

6.5 (6.4; 6.7)

6.5 (6.3; 6.6)

52.7 (51.3; 54.1)

52.6 (51.2; 54.0)

746.9 (728.3; 766.0)

753.5(734.5; 773.0)

 T2D - insulin any

237

7.4 (6.9; 8.0)

7.8 (7.2; 8.4)

57.5 (53.5; 61.9)

58.0 (53.7; 62.7)

708.9 (661.3; 760.0)

679.1(630.9; 731.0)

 P value

 

0.002

0

0.004

0.03

0.20

0.02

 Nondiabetics

1161

6.5 (6.4; 6.7)

6.5 (6.3; 6.7)

52.8 (51.4; 54.3)

52.7 (51.3; 54.2)

746.6 (727.8; 765.8)

753.0 (733.9; 772.6)

 T2D - nonglargine insulin

163

7.1 (6.5; 7.8)

7.5 (6.8; 8.2)

55.2 (50.4; 60.4)

56.0 (50.9; 61.5)

715.3 (656.1; 779.9)

687.1 (628.0; 751.7)

 T2D – glargine insulin

74

7.9 (7.1; 8.7)

8.2 (7.4; 9.1)

60.7 (54.9; 67.1)

60.7 (54.8; 67.3)

700.8 (636.7; 771.4)

669.2 (606.6; 738.3)

 P value

 

0.002

<  0.001

0.04

0.04

0.41

0.05

  

Percentage difference (95% CI)

Percent dense volume

Absolute dense volume

Absolute nondense volume

Age- and BMI-adjusted

Multivariable-adjusted

Age- and BMI-adjusted

Multivariable-adjusted

Age- and BMI-adjusted

Multivariable-adjusted

Insulin-treated T1D

 Nondiabetics

610

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

 T1D - insulin any

122

28.8 (18.3; 40.2)

31.2 (19.5; 44.0)

10.3 (0.5; 21.0)

8.2 (−2.6; 20.3)

−16.5 (−23.3; −9.0)

−20.2 (−27.6; −12.2)

 Nondiabetics

610

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

 T1D - nonglargine insulin

57

25.6 (11.2; 41.8)

31.8(15.7; 50.2)

0.6 (− 12.1; 15.2)

−1.2 (− 14.7; 14.4)

−21.9 (−31.0; − 11.6)

−27.4 (−36.5; − 17.0)

 T1D - glargine insulin

65

31.3 (17.7; 46.5)

30.7 (16.5; 46.6)

19.1 (5.4; 34.5)

15.7 (1.7; 31.7)

−12.6 (− 21.8; − 2.3)

−14.6 (− 24.1; − 3.9)

Insulin-treated T2D

 Nondiabetics

1161

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

 T2D - insulin any

237

13.7 (4.7; 23.6)

20.5 (10.3; 31.6)

9.2 (0.4; 18.7)

10.3 (0.9; 20.6)

−5.1 (−12.4; 2.8)

−9.9 (− 17.2; − 1.9)

 Nondiabetics

1161

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

 T2D - nonglargine insulin

163

8.3 (−2.1; 19.7)

15.0 (3.6; 27.7)

4.5 (− 5.5; 15.6)

6.2 (−4.5; 18.1)

−4.2 (−13.0; 5.5)

−8.8 (− 17.5; 1.0)

 T2D – glargine insulin

74

20.4 (8.3; 33.8)

26.9 (13.8; 41.6)

14.9 (3.3; 27.8)

15.2 (3.1; 28.6)

−6.1 (−15.2; 3.9)

−11.1 (−20.0; −1.3)

  1. Abbreviations: T1D Type 1 diabetes, T2D Type 2 diabetes, BMI Body mass index
  2. Multivariable-adjusted model: model adjusted for age (years), body mass index (kg/m2), education level (compulsory, gymnasium, university), age at menarche (years), parity, and age at first birth (nulliparous, parous/age at first birth < 25 years, parous/age at first birth 25–30 years, parous/age at first birth > 30 years), menopausal status (premenopausal, postmenopausal), oral contraceptives (never, ever), hormone replacement therapy (never, former, current), alcohol intake (none, 1–25 g/wk, 25–50 g/wk, > 50 g/wk), physical activity (< 40 MET h/d, 40–45 MET h/d, 45–50 MET h/d, > 50 MET h/d), smoking status (never, former, current), statins (no, yes), low-dose aspirin (no, yes), Charlson comorbidity index (0, 1, ≥ 2), benign breast disease (no, yes), and family history of breast cancer (no, yes). All analyses were standard adjusted for metformin therapy