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Table 1 Characteristics of the six included studies

From: Effect of exercise and/or reduced calorie dietary interventions on breast cancer-related endogenous sex hormones in healthy postmenopausal women

Study

Study arms

Mean age (SD) (years)

Sample size, n; drop out, n (%)

Sex hormone outcomes

Methods for sex hormone evaluation

Intervention period

SHAPE-2 [18], 2015, The Netherlands

Ex + D

59.5 (4.9)

98; 9 (9%)

Total estradiol, estrone, free estradiol, total testosterone, free testosterone, SHBG, androstenedione

Determined by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MC). SHBG by double-antibody radioimmunoassay (RIA) kitsb

16 weeksa

D

60.5 (4.6)

97; 6 (6%)

C

60.0 (4.9)

48; 3 (6%)

NEW trial [17], 2012, United States

Ex + D

58.0 (4.4)

117; 9 (8%)

Total estradiol, estrone, free estradiol, total testosterone, free testosterone, SHBG, androstenedione

Quantified by RIA after organic solvent extraction and Celite column partition chromatography. SHBG via chemiluminescent immunometric assay using Immulite Analyzerb

6 months, 12 months

Ex

58.1 (5.0)

117; 11 (9%)

D

58.1 (5.9)

118; 13 (11%)

C

57.4 (4.4)

87; 7 (8%)

ALPHA trial [24], 2010, Canada

Ex

61.2 (5.4)

160; 6 (4%)

Total estradiol, estrone, free estradiol, total testosterone, free testosterone, SHBG, androstenedione

Quantified by RIA after organic solvent extraction and Celite column partition chromatography. SHBG via immunometric assay using Immulite Analyzerb

6 months, 12 months

C

60.6 (5.7)

160; 6 (4%)

SHAPE-1, 2009 [3], The Netherlands

Ex

58.9 (4.6)

96; 1 (1%)

Total estradiol, estrone, free estradiol, total testosterone, free testosterone, SHBG, androstenedione

Double-antibody RIA kits were used for determining sex hormones, also for SHBGb

4 months, 12 months

C

58.4 (4.2)

93; 5 (5%)

Orsatti et al. [25], 2008, Brazil

Ex

57.8 (8.0)

27; 6 (22%)

Total testosterone, total estradiol

Measured by the Immulite System, automated immunoassay.

16 weeks

C

59.3 (6.2)

23; 1 (4%)

PATH trial [22, 23], 2004, United States

Ex

60.7 (6.7)

87; 3 (3%)

Total estradiol, estrone, free estradiol, total testosterone, free testosterone, SHBG, androstenedione

Quantified by RIA after organic solvent extraction and Celite column partition chromatography. SHBG via immunometric assay using Immulite Analyzerb

12 months

C

60.6 (6.8)

86; 0

  1. ALPHA Alberta Physical Activity and Breast Cancer, C control, D reduced calorie diet, Ex exercise, NEW Nutrition and Exercise for Woman, PATH Physical Activity for Total Health, SHAPE Sex Hormone and Physical Exercise, SHBG sex hormone binding globulin
  2. aAlthough this study took 16 weeks, results were pooled with the other studies
  3. bFree estradiol/free testosterone were calculated using the measured values for estradiol, testosterone, and SHBG, and assumed constant for albumin