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Table 1 Association between mammographic breast density and benign breast findings

From: Association between mammographic breast density and histologic features of benign breast disease

 

Age-adjusted and BMI-adjusted

Fully adjusteda

Covariate

Total

N = 3400

Non-dense

N = 1237

Dense

N = 2163

Odds ratio (95% CI)

p valueb

Odds ratio (95% CI)

P value

Age of BBD

    

<.001

 

<.001

 Ordinal effect

3400

57.7 (12.7)

51.7 (12.5)

0.96 (0.96, 0.97)

 

0.96 (0.96, 0.97)

 

BMI at biopsy

    

<.001

 

<.001

 Ordinal effect

3400

28.8 (7.0)

25.8 (5.3)

0.92 (0.91, 0.93)

 

0.93 (0.91, 0.94)

 

HT ever/never

    

<.001

 

0.002

 No

1341

529 (39.4%)

812 (60.6%)

1.00 (ref)

 

1.00 (ref)

 

 Yes

2059

708 (34.4%)

1351 (65.6%)

1.30 (1.12, 1.52)

 

1.29 (1.10, 1.50)

ADH

    

0.896

  

 Absent

3339

1213 (36.3%)

2126 (63.7%)

1.00 (ref)

   

 Present

61

24 (39.3%)

37 (60.7%)

1.04 (0.60, 1.78)

  

ALH

    

0.001

 

0.050

 Absent

3246

1196 (36.8%)

2050 (63.2%)

1.00 (ref)

 

1.00 (ref)

 

 Present

154

41 (26.6%)

113 (73.4%)

1.88 (1.28, 2.74)

 

1.49 (1.00, 2.21)

Involution

    

<.001

 

0.006

 Complete

992

479 (48.3%)

513 (51.7%)

1.00 (ref)

 

1.00 (ref)

 

 Partial

1920

644 (33.5%)

1276 (66.5%)

1.36 (1.14, 1.61)

 

1.03 (0.86, 1.25)

 None

488

114 (23.4%)

374 (76.6%)

1.57 (1.18, 2.07)

 

1.55 (1.16, 2.07)

Fibrosis

    

<.001

 

<.001

 Absent

1233

605 (49.1%)

628 (50.9%)

1.00 (ref)

 

1.00 (ref)

 

 Present

2167

632 (29.2%)

1535 (70.8%)

2.27 (1.95, 2.65)

 

2.22 (1.87, 2.62)

CCH/FEA

    

<.001

 

0.036

 Absent

2273

894 (39.3%)

1379 (60.7%)

1.00 (ref)

 

1.00 (ref)

 

 Present

1127

343 (30.4%)

784 (69.6%)

1.71 (1.45, 2.01)

 

1.30 (1.02, 1.66)

Sclerosing adenosis

    

<.001

 

0.531

 Absent

2269

899 (39.6%)

1370 (60.4%)

1.00 (ref)

 

1.00 (ref)

 

 Present

1131

338 (29.9%)

793 (70.1%)

1.59 (1.35, 1.86)

 

1.07 (0.86, 1.33)

Cyst

    

<.001

 

0.981

 Absent

1379

557 (40.4%)

822 (59.6%)

1.00 (ref)

 

1.00 (ref)

 

 Present

2021

680 (33.6%)

1341 (66.4%)

1.45 (1.24, 1.68)

 

1.00 (0.84, 1.19)

Usual ductal hyperplasia

    

<.001

 

0.544

 None

1984

750 (37.8%)

1234 (62.2%)

1.00 (ref)

 

1.00 (ref)

 

 Mild

493

179 (36.3%)

314 (63.7%)

1.15 (0.93, 1.43)

 

0.87 (0.69, 1.09)

 Moderate

678

227 (33.5%)

451 (66.5%)

1.54 (1.26, 1.87)

 

1.05 (0.83, 1.34)

 Florid

245

81 (33.1%)

164 (66.9%)

1.62 (1.20, 2.19)

 

0.98 (0.69, 1.38)

Calcifications

    

<.001

 

0.325

 Absent

1738

647 (37.2%)

1091 (62.8%)

1.00 (ref)

 

1.00 (ref)

 

 Present

1662

590 (35.5%)

1072 (64.5%)

1.34 (1.15, 1.56)

 

1.09 (0.92, 1.29)

Fibroadenoma

    

0.065

  

 Absent

2433

864 (35.5%)

1569 (64.5%)

1.00 (ref)

   

 Present

966

372 (38.5%)

594 (61.5%)

0.86 (0.73, 1.01)

  

Intra-ductal papilloma

    

0.111

  

 Absent

3128

1138 (36.4%)

1990 (63.6%)

1.00 (ref)

   

 Present

262

94 (35.9%)

168 (64.1%)

1.25 (0.95, 1.66)

  

Radial scars

    

0.052

  

 Absent

3168

1166 (36.8%)

2002 (63.2%)

1.00 (ref)

   

 Present

230

71 (30.9%)

159 (69.1%)

1.35 (1.00, 1.82)

  

Duct ectasia

    

0.440

  

 Absent

2917

1065 (36.5%)

1852 (63.5%)

1.00 (ref)

   

 Present

481

172 (35.8%)

309 (64.2%)

1.09 (0.88, 1.34)

  

Mucocele-like lesions

    

0.559

  

 Absent

3356

1224 (36.5%)

2132 (63.5%)

1.00 (ref)

   

 Present

39

13 (33.3%)

26 (66.7%)

1.23 (0.61, 2.50)

  
  1. BMI body mass index, BBD benign breast disease, HT hormone therapy, ADH atypical ductal hyperplasia, ALH atypical lobular hyperplasia, CCH/FEA columnar cell hyperplasia/flat epithelial atypia
  2. aAdjusted for all covariates bRemained significant in age-adjusted and BMI-adjusted model