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Table 3 Geometric means (pmol/L) and 95% CIs of serum estrogens/estrogen metabolites by current body mass index in postmenopausal women currently using menopausal hormone therapy in the Women’s Health Initiative Observational Study

From: Anthropometric measures and serum estrogen metabolism in postmenopausal women: the Women’s Health Initiative Observational Study

 

Geometric means (95% CI)a

p-trendb

%Δc

p-diffd

<25 kg/m2

25–29.9 kg/m2

≥30 kg/m2

Median (kg/m2)

22.4

27.2

33.1

   

n

445

257

175

   

Weighted n e

11,498

7844

5810

   

Estrone

3201 (2433–4212)

2668 (1960–3632)

3201 (2291–4472)

0.46

0.0

1.00

 Conjugated

2930 (2208–3887)

2473 (1801–3396)

2896 (2046–4098)

0.48

−1.2

0.94

 Unconjugated

227 (186–277)

191 (150–244)

205 (158–264)

0.18

−9.7

0.38

Estradiol

444 (339–582)

390 (292–522)

414 (300–572)

0.13

−6.8

0.62

 Conjugated

368 (273–497)

327 (237–450)

341 (238–486)

0.13

−7.3

0.63

 Unconjugated

42.5 (33.8–53.5)

42.9 (33.1–55.7)

50.8 (38.5–66.9)

0.15

19.5

0.17

2-Hydroxyestrone

462 (378–565)

382 (300–486)

422 (331–539)

0.21

−8.7

0.42

2-Hydroxyestradiol

109 (90.6–131)

89.1 (70.9–112)

98.3 (77.7–124)

0.16

−9.8

0.35

2-Methoxyestrone

280 (236–333)

219 (180–266)

216 (174–268)

0.008

−22.9

0.02

 Conjugated

174 (142–215)

135 (108–169)

139 (109–177)

0.04

−20.1

0.05

 Unconjugated

78.8 (62.4–99.5)

62.5 (45.6–85.8)

56.3 (41.3–76.8)

<0.001 f

−28.6

0.02

2-Methoxyestradiol

92.6 (72.7–118)

70.1 (54.1–90.8)

73.7 (57.4–94.6)

0.02

−20.4

0.03

 Conjugated

80.9 (62.0–105)

58.3 (43.8–77.5)

60.8 (46.3–79.7)

0.001 g

−24.8

0.01

 Unconjugated

8.90 (7.56–10.5)

8.43 (6.86–10.4)

8.08 (6.49–10.1)

0.19

−9.2

0.38

2-Hydroxyestrone-3-methyl ether

44.2 (36.7–53.2)

34.8 (28.3–42.6)

36.8 (29.3–46.3)

0.04

−16.7

0.09

4-Hydroxyestrone

61.6 (50.2–75.5)

51.3 (40.2–65.4)

57.0 (44.4–73.1)

0.26

−7.5

0.50

4-Methoxyestrone

28.9 (24.2–34.6)

23.1 (19.0–28.0)

23.1 (18.7–28.6)

0.02

−20.1

0.04

4-Methoxyestradiol

12.3 (9.51–16.0)

9.61 (7.26–12.7)

9.98 (7.52–13.2)

0.04

−18.9

0.07

16α-Hydroxyestrone

247 (200–304)

200 (155–257)

227 (177–292)

0.28

−8.1

0.48

Estriol

1136 (897–1438)

966 (740–1261)

1075 (812–1424)

0.36

−5.4

0.67

 Conjugated

988 (772–1264)

844 (638–1117)

914 (680–1227)

0.35

−7.5

0.57

 Unconjugated

129 (106–158)

113 (89.3–142)

116 (90.3–148)

0.12

−10.1

0.29

16-Ketoestradiol

286 (231–354)

229 (178–295)

262 (203–339)

0.30

−8.4

0.47

16-Epiestriol

86.7 (71.1–106)

70.2 (56.5–87.3)

79.5 (62.7–101)

0.21

−8.3

0.44

17-Epiestriol

58.2 (47.6–71.3)

46.5 (37.2–58.1)

51.9 (40.6–66.4)

0.28

−10.8

0.31

  1. aAdjusted for age at blood draw (<55, 55–59, 60–64, 65–69, 70–74, 75–79 years), blood draw year (1993–1996, 1997–1998), race (white, nonwhite), smoking status (never, former, current), time since menopause (<10 years, 10–19 years, ≥20 years, missing), moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity (0, 0.1–9.9, ≥10 metabolic equivalents of task-h/week)
  2. b p-trend was estimated using the Wald test for continuous body mass index (BMI; kilograms per meter squared)
  3. c%Δ indicates the percentage change in estrogen/estrogen metabolite levels, comparing women with current BMI ≥30 vs. <25 kg/m2, and was estimated by taking the ratio of the geometric mean difference in estrogen/estrogen metabolite levels between women with current BMI ≥30 vs. <25 kg/m2 to the geometric mean of women with current BMI <25 kg/m2, multiplied by 100
  4. d p-diff was estimated using the Wald test and indicates a p value for comparing estrogen/estrogen metabolite levels of women with current BMI ≥30 vs. <25 kg/m2
  5. eWeighted n reflects weighted counts and refers to the study cohort
  6. fFalse discovery rate (FDR) q value <0.01
  7. gFDR q values <0.05 and ≥0.01
  8. Note: Italized p-values indicate nominal statistical significance at 0.05
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Breast Cancer Research

ISSN: 1465-542X

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