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Table 2 Geometric means (pmol/L) and 95% CIs of serum estrogens/estrogen metabolites by current body mass index in postmenopausal women not using menopausal hormone therapy in the Women’s Health Initiative Observational Study

From: Anthropometric measures and serum estrogen metabolism in postmenopausal women: the Women’s Health Initiative Observational Study

 

Model 1a

Model 1 + unconjugated estradiolb

 

Geometric mean (95% CI)

p-trendc

%Δd

p-diffe

Geometric mean (95% CI)

p-trendc

%Δd

p-diffe

 

<25 kg/m2

25–29.9 kg/m2

≥30 kg/m2

   

<25 kg/m2

25–29.9 kg/m2

≥30 kg/m2

   

Median, kg/m2

22.5

27.1

33.6

   

22.5

27.1

33.6

   

n

345

294

314

   

345

294

314

   

Weighted n f

13,571

9351

7893

   

13,571

9351

7893

   

Estrone

239 (201–284)

337 (281–404)

432 (355–525)

<0.001 g

80.8

<0.001 g

313 (266–368)

344 (296–399)

326 (280–380)

0.91

4.2

0.64

 Conjugated

179 (147–218)

265 (217–324)

348 (281–431)

<0.001 g

94.4

<0.001 g

237 (197–284)

271 (229–320)

260 (218–310)

0.59

9.7

0.35

 Unconjugated

51.3 (45.0–58.6)

62.4 (55.1–70.6)

75.6 (65.2–87.8)

<0.001 g

47.4

<0.001 g

64.4 (57.5–72.1)

63.4 (58.0–69.3)

59.8 (54.2–65.9)

0.13

−7.1

0.24

Estradiol

45.9 (37.6–56.1)

59.0 (48.3–72.2)

73.9 (60.0–91.0)

<0.001 g

61.0

<0.001 g

60.7 (52.5–70.2)

60.3 (52.7–68.8)

55.3 (48.7–62.7)

0.33

−8.9

0.19

 Conjugated

31.0 (25.2–38.2)

40.1 (32.3–49.8)

45.9 (36.6–57.6)

<0.001 g

48.1

<0.001 g

38.5 (31.7–46.9)

40.7 (34.1–48.7)

36.6 (30.6–43.8)

0.99

−4.9

0.61

 Unconjugated

10.2 (8.13–12.7)

14.9 (12.2–18.2)

23.5 (18.8–29.4)

<0.001 g

130

<0.001 g

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

2-Hydroxyestrone

55.6 (47.8–64.8)

71.7 (61.5–83.5)

82.9 (70.5–97.4)

<0.001 g

49.1

<0.001 g

66.1 (56.7–77.0)

72.6 (63.3–83.3)

69.3 (59.6–80.6)

0.83

4.8

0.59

2-Hydroxyestradiol

14.2 (12.3–16.5)

17.8 (15.2–20.7)

20.4 (17.3–24.0)

<0.001 g

43.7

<0.001 g

16.8 (14.4–19.5)

18.0 (15.6–20.6)

17.2 (14.8–20.1)

0.69

2.4

0.76

2-Methoxyestrone

37.8 (33.2–43.0)

43.6 (38.4–49.5)

47.7 (41.6–54.6)

0.001 g

26.2

0.001 g

44.6 (39.5–50.3)

44.2 (39.4–49.5)

40.2 (35.6–45.4)

0.05

−9.9

0.15

 Conjugated

27.5 (23.9–31.6)

32.2 (27.9–37.1)

34.5 (29.7–40.2)

0.002 g

25.5

0.004 g

31.8 (27.9–36.2)

32.5 (28.6–37.0)

29.7 (25.8–34.2)

0.25

−6.6

0.42

 Unconjugated

9.70 (8.39–11.2)

10.5 (9.13–12.0)

11.6 (10.0–13.5)

0.02 h

19.6

0.03 h

12.0 (10.5–13.8)

10.6 (9.29–12.2)

9.29 (8.09–10.7)

<0.001 g

−22.6

0.001 h

2-Methoxyestradiol

11.4 (9.63–13.5)

13.5 (11.5–15.8)

16.4 (13.7–19.7)

<0.001 g

43.9

<0.001 g

13.7 (11.8–16.0)

13.7 (12.0–15.6)

13.6 (11.5–16.0)

0.50

−0.7

0.91

 Conjugated

9.02 (7.49–10.9)

10.7 (8.88–12.9)

13.4 (11.0–16.4)

<0.001 g

48.6

<0.001 g

10.8 (9.01–12.8)

10.9 (9.17–12.8)

11.2 (9.27–13.5)

0.83

3.7

0.70

 Unconjugated

1.91 (1.63–2.23)

2.21 (1.90–2.57)

2.36 (2.02–2.76)

<0.001 g

23.6

0.006 g

2.37 (2.12–2.65)

2.24 (1.99–2.53)

1.88 (1.69–2.09)

0.002 h

−20.7

<0.001 g

2-Hydroxyestrone-3-methyl ether

6.74 (5.93–7.67)

7.94 (6.89–9.14)

8.72 (7.59–10.0)

0.004 g

29.4

<0.001 g

7.68 (6.71–8.79)

8.01 (7.02–9.15)

7.62 (6.62–8.77)

0.24

−0.8

0.92

4-Hydroxyestrone

6.77 (5.80–7.89)

8.69 (7.47–10.1)

10.2 (8.57–12.1)

<0.001 g

50.7

<0.001 g

7.97 (6.82–9.32)

8.80 (7.65–10.1)

8.57 (7.27–10.1)

0.96

7.5

0.44

4-Methoxyestrone

3.93 (3.45–4.48)

4.36 (3.87–4.92)

4.86 (4.18–5.65)

0.02 h

23.7

0.008 g

4.47 (3.89–5.13)

4.40 (3.91–4.96)

4.25 (3.65–4.94)

0.19

−4.9

0.58

4-Methoxyestradiol

1.66 (1.41–1.95)

1.87 (1.62–2.16)

2.22 (1.86–2.65)

<0.001 g

33.7

<0.001 g

1.95 (1.66–2.29)

1.89 (1.65–2.16)

1.87 (1.57–2.22)

0.30

−4.1

0.64

16α-Hydroxyestrone

27.5 (23.4–32.4)

35.8 (30.6–42.0)

41.6 (35.0–49.4)

<0.001 g

51.3

<0.001 g

32.8 (27.8–38.6)

36.3 (31.4–41.9)

34.7 (29.5–40.8)

0.92

5.8

0.54

Estriol

114 (97.0–133)

155 (133–181)

178 (151–211)

<0.001 g

56.1

<0.001 g

137 (117–160)

157 (137–181)

147 (125–172)

0.94

7.3

0.45

 Conjugated

87.1 (73.0–104)

124 (105–147)

143 (118–172)

<0.001 g

64.2

<0.001 g

105 (88.2–125)

126 (108–147)

118 (98.3–141)

0.60

12.4

0.28

 Unconjugated

23.2 (20.1–26.6)

27.4 (24.0–31.4)

33.0 (28.3–38.4)

<0.001 g

42.2

<0.001 g

27.9 (24.5–31.7)

27.8 (24.5–31.6)

27.2 (23.6–31.3)

0.29

−2.5

0.74

16-Ketoestradiol

29.1 (24.7–34.3)

38.2 (32.4–45.1)

44.3 (37.2–52.9)

<0.001 g

52.2

<0.001 g

34.7 (29.4–40.9)

38.7 (33.3–45.0)

37.0 (31.3–43.7)

0.95

6.6

0.50

16-Epiestriol

12.9 (11.1–14.9)

16.4 (14.0–19.2)

19.3 (16.5–22.6)

<0.001 g

49.6

<0.001 g

15.1 (13.1–17.4)

16.6 (14.4–19.1)

16.4 (14.1–19.0)

0.78

8.6

0.31

17-Epiestriol

10.8 (9.37–12.3)

13.5 (11.6–15.6)

16.4 (14.0–19.3)

<0.001 g

51.9

<0.001 g

12.6 (11.0–14.4)

13.6 (12.0–15.5)

13.9 (12.0–16.2)

0.72

10.3

0.21

  1. NA Not applicable
  2. aModel 1: adjusted for age at blood draw (<55, 55–59, 60–64, 65–69, 70–74, 75–79 years), blood draw year (1993–1996, 1997–1998), race (white, nonwhite), smoking status (never, former, current), time since menopause (<10 years, 10–19 years, ≥20 years, missing), moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity (0, 0.1–9.9, ≥10 metabolic equivalents of task-h/week)
  3. bModel 1 + unconjugated estradiol (log-transformed, continuous)
  4. c p-trend was estimated using the Wald test for continuous body mass index (BMI; in kilograms per meter squared)
  5. d%Δ indicates the percentage change in estrogen/estrogen metabolite levels, comparing women with current BMI ≥30 vs. <25 kg/m2, and was estimated by taking the ratio of the geometric mean difference in estrogen/estrogen metabolite levels between women with current BMI ≥30 vs. <25 kg/m2 to the geometric mean of women with current BMI <25 kg/m2, multiplied by 100
  6. e p-diff was estimated using the Wald test and indicates a p-value for comparing estrogen/estrogen metabolite levels of women with current BMI ≥30 vs. <25 kg/m2
  7. fWeighted n reflects weighted counts and refers to the study cohort
  8. gFalse discovery rate (FDR) q value <0.01
  9. hFDR q values <0.05 and ≥0.01
  10. Note: Italized p-values indicate nominal statistical significance at 0.05
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Breast Cancer Research

ISSN: 1465-542X

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