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Table 5 Difference in adult mammographic density parameters across categories of timing between pubertal stages

From: Childhood body size and pubertal timing in relation to adult mammographic density phenotype

  

Mammographic density parameters

   

Absolute area

  

Percent density difference,

Dense area

Non-dense area

Interval between pubertal stages

Category

percentage points (95% CI)a

difference, cm2 (95% CI)a

difference, cm2 (95% CI)a

Thelarche to menarche, years

 A:

<0

-0.4 (-4.8, 4.5)

-0.3 (-5.6, 5.5)

-3.9 (-17.6, 10.6)

0

0.0 (baseline)

0.0 (baseline)

0.0 (baseline)

1

2.2 (-0.7, 5.2)

4.1 (0.5, 7.8)

-0.1 (-8.7, 8.8)

≥2

2.0 (-1.9, 6.2)

4.0 (-0.7, 9.1)

-1.3 (-12.6, 10.8)

P trendb

0.14

0.022

0.87

 B: +BMI-adjusted

<0

-0.5 (-4.5, 3.9)

-0.7 (-5.8, 5.0)

-4.7 (-15.3, 6.4)

0

0.0 (baseline)

0.0 (baseline)

0.0 (baseline)

1

1.7 (-0.9,4.5)

4.1 (0.6, 7.8)

1.9 (-4.8, 8.8)

≥2

2.1 (-1.5, 5.8)

3.8 (-0.8, 8.7)

-1.7 (-10.5, 7.5)

P trendb

0.13

0.019

0.64

 C: +weight age 11 years

<0

-1.3 (-5.3, 3.0)

-1.7 (-6.8, 3.8)

-3.5 (-14.2, 7.7)

0

0.0 (baseline)

0.0 (baseline)

0.0 (baseline)

1

1.7 (-1.0, 4.4)

4.0 (0.6, 7.7)

2.0 (-4.8, 8.9)

≥2

1.8 (-1.7, 5.5)

3.4 (-1.1, 8.3)

-1.3 (-10.2, 7.9)

P trendb

0.10

0.013

0.69

Thelarche to regular cycles, years

 A:

<0

-5.6 (-11.4, 1.1)

-7.8 (-14.7, 0.3)

6.2 (-14.4, 28.9)

0

0.0 (baseline)

0.0 (baseline)

0.0 (baseline)

1

1.7 (-2.2, 5.9)

1.8 (-2.9, 6.9)

-2.5 (-13.6, 9.3)

≥2

1.6 (-2.3, 5.9)

2.6 (-2.3, 7.8)

1.6 (-10.0, 13.8)

P trendb

0.083

0.039

0.97

 B: +BMI-adjusted

<0

-2.9 (-8.6, 3.7)

-6.2 (-13.2, 2.0)

-7.3 (-23.0, 9.7)

0

0.0 (baseline)

0.0 (baseline)

0.0 (baseline)

1

1.8 (-1.8, 5.6)

1.8 (-2.9, 6.7)

-3.5 (-12.3, 5.8)

≥2

2.5 (-1.2, 6.4)

3.3 (-1.5, 8.5)

-1.5 (-10.6, 8.1)

P trendb

0.068

0.029

0.87

 C: +weight age 11 years

<0

-3.6 (-9.2, 2.9)

-7.2 (-14.1, 0.8)

-6.6 (-22.5, 10.5)

0

0.0 (baseline)

0.0 (baseline)

0.0 (baseline)

1

1.8 (-1.8, 5.6)

1.8 (-2.8, 6.7)

-3.4 (-12.3, 5.9)

≥2

2.3 (-1.4, 6.2)

3.0 (-1.8, 8.1)

-1.4 (-10.5, 8.2)

P trendb

0.064

0.028

0.89

  1. aDifferences derived with respect to reference levels: 25% for percentage density, 30 cm2 for dense area and 110 cm2 for non-dense area. Models defined as A: analyses adjusted for age at mammogram (47–50, 50–54, 55–59 (baseline), 60–64, 65–69, 70–73 years), duration of oral contraception use (never (baseline), <5, 10–14, ≥15 years, not known), postmenopausal hormone treatment (never (baseline), former, current/<5, current/5–9, current/≥10 years duration), menopausal status and time since menopause (<5 (baseline), 10–14, 15–19, ≥20, unknown years postmenopausal, not postmenopausal), age at first birth and parity (nulliparous, 10–24 years/1–2, 10–24 years/≥3, 25–29 years/1–2 (baseline), 25–29 years/≥3, 30 years/≥1), alcohol units (none (baseline), 1–4 to ≥25, in 5-unit increments), physical activity (<31 (baseline), 32–55, 56–88, ≥88 metabolic energy equivalents/h/week); B: adjusted for covariates in model A plus body mass index (BMI) (<20.0 (baseline) to >35.0, in 2.5 kg/m2 increments); C: adjusted for covariates in model B plus weight compared with peers at age 11 years (thinner (baseline), about the same, heavier, not known). b P trend for linear regression fitted through categories of exposure
  2. The p-values in bold are those with p<0.05