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Table 5 Adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for association between breast cancer subtypes and reproductive and hormonal factors with grade included in the luminal-like subtypes

From: Parity, hormones and breast cancer subtypes - results from a large nested case-control study in a national screening program

Characteristics

Luminal A-like: ER+ PR+ HER2-, low and medium grade

Luminal B-like, HER2-negative: ER+ PR- HER2-, high grade

Luminal B-like, HER2 positive: ER+ PR+/PR- HER2+, low/medium/high grade

HER2-positive: ER- PR- HER2+

Triple-negative: ER- PR- HER2-

Controls (n)

Cases (n)

OR*

95% CI

Controls (n)

Cases (n)

OR

95% CI

Controls (n)

Cases (n)

OR

95%CI

Controls (n)

Cases (n)

OR

95% CI

Controls (n)

Cases (n)

OR

95% CI

Age at first birth (years)

 13–20

3951

609

1

Reference

1001

42

1

Reference

553

91

1

Reference

279

54

1

Reference

495

95

1

Reference

 21–22

2277

376

1.06

(0.91, 1.23)

620

32

1.31

(0.77, 2.25)

305

47

0.94

(0.62, 1.42)

170

32

0.90

(0.53, 1.53)

326

65

1.13

(0.78, 1.62)

 23–25

3152

481

0.99

(0.86, 1.14)

759

32

1.42

(0.80, 2.52)

437

87

1.21

(0.85, 1.73)

222

36

0.72

(0.43, 1.20)

393

86

1.28

(0.89, 1.85)

 26–30

2473

427

1.12

(0.96, 1.30)

647

25

0.71

(0.38, 1.31)

343

59

1.16

(0.78, 1.74)

216

41

0.94

(0.56, 1.55)

318

63

1.13

(0.76, 1.67)

 31–50

937

196

1.27

(1.03, 1.57)

223

15

1.28

(0.58, 2.81)

127

32

1.53

(0.90, 2.60)

63

23

1.65

(0.86, 3.17)

120

29

1.36

(0.80, 2.33)

p-trend*

  

0.06

   

0.82

   

0.12

   

0.53

   

0.28

 

p-heterogeneity#

      

0.73

   

0.24

   

0.71

   

0.72

 

Number of pregnancies lasting 6+ months

 0

1199

245

1

Reference

303

15

1

Reference

164

43

1

Reference

84

27

1

Reference

144

34

1

Reference

 1

1596

325

0.95

(0.78, 1.15)

426

18

0.90

(0.42, 1.94)

229

41

0.58

(0.35, 0.96)

128

20

0.50

(0.26, 0.96)

224

41

0.70

(0.42, 1.16)

 2

6266

1057

0.80

(0.68, 0.94)

1602

75

1.03

(0.55, 1.94)

842

178

0.78

(0.52, 1.16)

426

97

0.78

(0.47, 1.29)

813

158

0.77

(0.50, 1.18)

 3

3883

572

0.67

(0.56, 0.79)

950

42

0.93

(0.47, 1.82)

528

81

0.56

(0.36, 0.86)

319

60

0.61

(0.36, 1.03)

477

117

0.98

(0.63, 1.53)

 >4

1518

199

0.62

(0.50, 0.77)

383

13

0.82

(0.36, 1.87)

225

28

0.43

(0.25, 0.73)

98

19

0.60

(0.31, 1.19)

196

36

0.70

(0.41, 1.21)

p-trend

  

<0.0001

   

0.66

   

0.002

   

0.19

   

0.88

 

p-heterogeneity

      

0.85

   

0.41

   

0.31

   

0.04

 

Parous women only

 Duration breastfeeding (months)

  No breastfeeding

997

165

1

Reference

260

10

1

Reference

146

31

1

Reference

78

10

1

Reference

135

24

1

Reference

  0–6

3145

500

0.93

(0.76, 1.15)

831

37

0.95

(0.41, 2.18)

449

71

0.67

(0.40, 1.10)

243

37

1.42

(0.63, 3.18)

467

80

1.01

(0.60, 1.71)

  7–12

3108

527

1.07

(0.87, 1.31)

763

38

0.94

(0.41, 2.19)

427

91

0.84

(0.51, 1.37)

215

52

2.25

(1.02, 4.99)

359

95

1.65

(0.98, 2.78)

  13–20

2583

402

0.99

(0.80, 1.24)

654

32

0.91

(0.38, 2.18)

343

75

0.94

(0.56, 1.58)

156

48

2.51

(1.11, 5.68)

308

69

1.29

(0.74, 2.23)

  21–30

1700

263

1.02

(0.80, 1.30)

399

13

0.46

(0.17, 1.21)

240

37

0.67

(0.36, 1.24)

147

28

1.78

(0.74, 4.28)

222

44

1.18

(0.65, 2.15)

  >30

966

154

1.11

(0.83, 1.47)

250

9

0.81

(0.26, 2.53)

121

12

0.57

(0.25, 1.29)

70

13

1.82

(0.67, 4.97)

123

24

1.19

(0.58, 2.44)

   p-trend

  

0.33

   

0.17

   

0.69

   

0.12

   

0.52

 

   p-heterogeneity

      

0.72

   

0.16

   

0.60

   

0.85

 

 Menopausal status

  Premenopausal

1171

291

1

Reference

208

10

1

Reference

173

30

1

Reference

100

18

1

Reference

130

29

1

Reference

  Perimenopausal

1055

175

0.59

(0.47, 0.74)

225

11

0.91

(0.34, 2.42)

152

25

0.82

(0.44, 1.50)

79

20

1.41

(0.67, 2.94)

143

37

1.13

(0.64, 1.99)

  Postmenopausal

12000

1932

0.50

(0.42, 0.60)

3231

142

1.06

(0.47, 2.39)

1663

316

1.05

(0.64, 1.72)

876

185

1.21

(0.66, 2.23)

1581

320

0.82

(0.50, 1.33)

   p-trend

  

<0.0001

   

0.77

   

0.59

   

0.71

   

0.21

 

   p-heterogeneity

      

0.02

   

0.01

   

0.001

   

0.002

 

Age of menopause (years)

  <47

2569

367

1

Reference

640

24

1

Reference

334

44

1

Reference

204

22

1

Reference

336

61

1

Reference

  47–49

2404

373

1.11

(0.94, 1.31)

639

32

1.21

(0.65, 2.27)

326

55

1.34

(0.85, 2.10)

181

39

2.06

(1.14, 3.73)

292

72

1.47

(0.98, 2.20)

  50–52

4698

704

1.11

(0.96, 1.29)

1190

51

1.33

(0.76, 2.31)

663

123

1.57

(1.06, 2.33)

338

77

2.32

(1.36, 3.94)

623

102

0.99

(0.69, 1.44)

  >52

3255

491

1.05

(0.90, 1.23)

871

35

1.29

(0.71, 2.34)

442

90

1.71

(1.12, 2.61)

225

48

2.38

(1.33, 4.26)

420

88

1.37

(0.94, 2.01)

   p-trend

  

0.60

   

0.37

   

0.01

   

0.004

   

0.42

 

   p-heterogeneity

      

0.84

   

0.03

   

0.06

   

0.26

 

 Age at start of oral contraceptives (years)

  Never used

6715

1070

1

Reference

1758

78

1

Reference

876

166

1

Reference

501

115

1

Reference

860

165

1

Reference

  14–18

1476

226

0.94

(0.79, 1.12)

334

12

0.72

(0.34, 1.50)

187

44

1.24

(0.80, 1.92)

128

17

0.49

(0.26, 0.93)

180

55

1.86

(1.23, 2.81)

  19–20

1462

319

1.33

(1.14, 1.55)

367

23

1.35

(0.76, 2.39)

230

47

1.09

(0.72, 1.63)

133

27

0.74

(0.45, 1.23)

206

46

1.24

(0.83, 1.85)

  21–24

1959

323

1.02

(0.88, 1.18)

458

23

1.14

(0.65, 2.00)

295

43

0.78

(0.53, 1.15)

130

24

0.71

(0.42, 1.18)

253

41

0.82

(0.55, 1.22)

  25–50

1993

325

1.01

(0.87, 1.16)

536

18

0.71

(0.40, 1.25)

296

54

1.01

(0.70, 1.44)

114

27

1.09

(0.66, 1.79)

258

58

1.17

(0.82, 1.67)

   p-trend

  

0.41

   

0.63

   

0.56

   

0.70

   

0.91

 

   p-heterogeneity

      

0.77

   

0.54

   

0.08

   

0.02

 

 Duration of oral contraceptives (years)

  Never used

6715

1070

1

Reference

1758

78

1

Reference

876

166

1

Reference

501

115

1

Reference

860

165

1

Reference

  <2

1839

294

0.97

(0.84, 1.13)

482

19

0.75

(0.42, 1.34)

275

33

0.67

(0.44, 1.03)

151

18

0.47

(0.27, 0.81)

263

43

0.85

(0.58, 1.26)

  2–5 years

1753

295

1.05

(0.91, 1.23)

435

15

0.73

(0.39, 1.38)

233

46

0.95

(0.64, 1.41)

113

17

0.61

(0.34, 1.09)

228

56

1.32

(0.92, 1.89)

  5–10 years

1568

268

1.06

(0.90, 1.24)

388

20

1.02

(0.56, 1.85)

240

54

1.27

(0.87, 1.85)

121

35

1.07

(0.66, 1.73)

203

47

1.20

(0.82, 1.76)

  >10 years

1266

232

1.09

(0.92, 1.29)

271

14

1.00

(0.49, 2.03)

204

41

0.95

(0.62, 1.44)

82

19

1.02

(0.56, 1.86)

149

38

1.25

(0.82, 1.90)

   p-trend

  

0.22

   

0.91

   

0.54

   

0.91

   

0.11

 

   p-heterogeneity

      

0.76

   

0.14

   

0.003

   

0.66

 

 Age at start of intrauterine device (years)

  Never users

10000

1609

1

Reference

2600

113

1

Reference

1368

266

1

Reference

729

153

1

Reference

1279

267

1

Reference

  14–28

612

105

1.12

(0.89, 1.41)

152

5

1.14

(0.40, 3.24)

82

14

0.76

(0.40, 1.45)

55

12

0.91

(0.46, 1.80)

88

19

1.07

(0.62, 1.83)

  29–35

681

113

0.99

(0.79, 1.23)

152

7

1.11

(0.45, 2.72)

93

10

0.62

(0.31, 1.24)

46

7

0.68

(0.27, 1.68)

78

25

1.51

(0.90, 2.55)

  36–42

532

121

1.57

(1.25, 1.98)

114

5

0.61

(0.22, 1.72)

89

18

0.95

(0.54, 1.69)

43

7

0.69

(0.29, 1.61)

78

12

0.75

(0.39, 1.44)

  43–50

456

96

1.32

(1.02, 1.69)

136

5

0.97

(0.33, 2.86)

70

8

0.57

(0.25, 1.28)

39

7

0.85

(0.35, 2.09)

70

14

1.01

(0.53, 1.90)

   p-trend

  

0

   

0.66

   

0.13

   

0.31

   

0.89

 

   p-heterogeneity

      

0.79

   

0.07

   

0.21

   

0.40

 

 Duration of intrauterine device (years)

  Never used

10000

1609

1

Reference

2600

113

1

Reference

1368

266

1

Reference

729

153

1

Reference

1279

267

1

Reference

  <2

341

53

0.96

(0.70, 1.32)

83

2

0.81

(0.16, 4.02)

56

12

1.17

(0.58, 2.39)

33

5

0.84

(0.31, 2.32)

37

7

0.90

(0.38, 2.13)

  2–5 years

432

89

1.27

(0.98, 1.63)

112

6

1.79

(0.62, 5.18)

62

10

0.85

(0.41, 1.76)

36

7

0.81

(0.34, 1.91)

57

21

1.79

(1.01, 3.16)

  5–10 years

615

110

1.19

(0.94, 1.49)

153

4

0.49

(0.16, 1.43)

89

13

0.80

(0.41, 1.54)

53

8

0.62

(0.27, 1.43)

99

20

1.23

(0.72, 2.11)

  >10 years

820

173

1.36

(1.12, 1.64)

176

10

1.41

(0.62, 3.18)

111

12

0.53

(0.28, 1.02)

63

12

0.73

(0.37, 1.47)

120

20

0.75

(0.44, 1.28)

   p-trend

  

<0.0001

   

0.90

   

0.06

   

0.18

   

0.98

 

   p-  heterogeneity

      

0.71

   

0.01

   

0.58

   

0.31

 

 Hormone therapy use

  Never

7411

1085

1

Reference

1762

80

1

Reference

1010

183

1

Reference

573

113

1

Reference

991

196

1

Reference

  Past

4809

880

1.28

(1.15, 1.43)

1361

63

1.06

(0.71, 1.59)

688

132

1.09

(0.82, 1.45)

319

65

0.88

(0.60, 1.30)

575

126

1.04

(0.79, 1.38)

  Estrogen current

655

107

1.09

(0.86, 1.37)

162

5

0.77

(0.27, 2.15)

85

19

1.28

(0.73, 2.26)

51

12

1.12

(0.54, 2.35)

93

16

0.79

(0.43, 1.46)

  Estrogen and progesterone current

345

150

3.03

(2.39, 3.83)

89

3

0.80

(0.21, 3.04)

48

15

1.42

(0.72, 2.78)

32

6

0.88

(0.33, 2.30)

49

10

0.92

(0.43, 1.98)

   p-trend

  

<0.0001

   

0.80

   

0.19

   

0.77

   

0.72

 

   p-heterogeneity

      

0.02

   

0.17

   

0.04

   

0.005

 

 Duration of hormone therapy (years)

  Never used

7411

1085

1

Reference

1762

80

1

Reference

1010

183

1

Reference

573

113

1

Reference

991

196

1

Reference

   < =3

1625

246

1.10

(0.93, 1.29)

473

21

1.09

(0.62, 1.91)

237

43

1.01

(0.67, 1.51)

134

20

0.66

(0.38, 1.16)

234

41

0.77

(0.52, 1.15)

  4–8

1130

197

1.19

(0.99, 1.43)

289

17

1.27

(0.66, 2.45)

155

31

1.14

(0.71, 1.83)

76

19

1.18

(0.65, 2.13)

119

25

0.99

(0.59, 1.67)

  >8

1756

445

1.85

(1.59, 2.15)

485

23

1.01

(0.56, 1.80)

253

58

1.35

(0.91, 2.02)

108

23

0.93

(0.52, 1.65)

222

47

1.04

(0.69, 1.56)

   p-trend

  

<0.0001

   

0.75

   

0.15

   

0.94

   

1.00

 

   p-heterogeneity

      

0.11

   

0.50

   

0.04

   

0.01

 

 Duration of estrogen and progesterone therapy (years)

  Never

7411

1085

1

Reference

1762

80

1

Reference

1010

183

1

Reference

573

113

1

Reference

991

196

1

Reference

   < =5

1908

321

1.22

(1.04, 1.42)

545

25

1.08

(0.62, 1.87)

276

44

0.85

(0.57, 1.27)

153

30

0.92

(0.56, 1.53)

230

54

1.19

(0.81, 1.74)

  >5

1796

454

1.82

(1.57, 2.10)

496

16

0.77

(0.39, 1.50)

256

64

1.41

(0.95, 2.10)

105

29

1.04

(0.62, 1.74)

211

52

1.34

(0.89, 2.02)

   p-trend

  

<0.0001

   

0.65

   

0.30

   

0.98

   

0.13

 

   p-heterogeneity

      

0.002

   

0.33

   

0.18

   

0.02

 
  1. *p for trend and OR mutually adjusted for age (50–54, 55–59, 60–64, 65–70 years at screening), body mass index (BMI) (≤22, 23–25, 26–28, >28 at screening), education (no education/primary school, high school, bachelor’s or master’s degree), age at menarche (9–12, 13, 14, 15–18 years), number of pregnancies (0, 1, 2, 3, ≥4), menopausal status (premenopausal, perimenopausal, postmenopausal). # p for heterogeneity across subtypes was determined in a case–case model (see “Methods”)