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Table 3 Adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for association between breast cancer subtypes and oral contraceptives and hormone therapy

From: Parity, hormones and breast cancer subtypes - results from a large nested case-control study in a national screening program

 

Luminal A-like

Luminal B-like HER2-negative

Luminal B-like HER2-positive

HER2-positive

Triple-negative

ER+ PR+ HER2-

ER+ PR- HER2-

ER+ PR+/PR- HER2+

ER- PR- HER2+

ER- PR- HER2-

Controls (n)

Cases (n)

OR*

95% CI

Controls (n)

Cases (n)

OR

95% CI

Controls (n)

Cases (n)

OR

95% CI

Controls (n)

Cases (n)

OR

95% CI

Controls (n)

Cases (n)

OR

95% CI

Age at start of oral contraceptives (years)

 14–18

1476

285

1

Reference

334

65

1

Reference

187

45

1

Reference

128

17

1

Reference

180

55

1

Reference

 19–20

1462

387

1.33

(1.11, 1.59)

367

87

1.20

(0.82, 1.75)

230

49

0.90

(0.55, 1.45)

133

27

1.52

(0.75, 3.10)

206

46

0.67

(0.42, 1.07)

 21–24

1959

405

1.05

(0.87, 1.25)

458

92

1.04

(0.71, 1.53)

295

45

0.62

(0.37, 1.02)

130

24

1.45

(0.69, 3.04)

253

41

0.44

(0.27, 0.74)

 25–50

1993

397

0.99

(0.83, 1.20)

536

102

0.97

(0.66, 1.43)

296

58

0.80

(0.49, 1.32)

114

27

2.23

(1.06, 4.71)

258

58

0.63

(0.39, 1.03)

 Never used

6715

1344

1.01

(0.86, 1.19)

1758

363

0.99

(0.71, 1.38)

876

180

0.82

(0.53, 1.27)

501

115

2.05

(1.08, 3.89)

860

165

0.54

(0.36, 0.81)

p-trenda

  

0.09

   

0.43

   

0.71

   

0.02

   

0.03

 

p-heterogeneity#

      

0.60

   

0.52

   

0.07

   

0.02

 

Duration of oral contraceptives (years)

 Never used

6715

1344

1

Reference

1758

363

1

Reference

876

180

1

Reference

501

115

1

Reference

860

165

1

Reference

 <2

1839

364

0.97

(0.85, 1.11)

482

80

0.82

(0.62, 1.08)

275

34

0.64

(0.42, 0.97)

151

18

0.47

(0.27, 0.81)

263

43

0.85

(0.58, 1.26)

 2–5

1753

361

1.03

(0.90, 1.18)

435

88

1.01

(0.77, 1.33)

233

48

0.94

(0.64, 1.37)

113

17

0.61

(0.34, 1.09)

228

56

1.32

(0.92, 1.89)

 6–10

1568

332

1.06

(0.92, 1.23)

388

80

1.03

(0.77, 1.37)

240

56

1.23

(0.85, 1.76)

121

35

1.07

(0.66, 1.73)

203

47

1.20

(0.82, 1.76)

 >10

1266

298

1.11

(0.96, 1.29)

271

62

1.12

(0.81, 1.54)

204

45

0.95

(0.64, 1.42)

82

19

1.02

(0.56, 1.86)

149

38

1.25

(0.82, 1.90)

p-trend*

  

0.13

   

0.51

   

0.57

   

0.91

   

0.11

 

p-heterogeneity#

      

0.61

   

0.10

   

0.003

   

0.56

 

Age at start of intrauterine device (years)

 14–28

612

125

1

Reference

152

28

1

Reference

82

14

1

Reference

55

12

1

Reference

88

19

1

Reference

 29–35

681

143

0.97

(0.73, 1.28)

152

39

1.31

(0.75, 2.30)

93

10

0.76

(0.30, 1.90)

46

7

0.74

(0.24, 2.25)

78

25

1.42

(0.70, 2.88)

 36–42

532

147

1.33

(1.00, 1.77)

114

21

0.83

(0.43, 1.58)

89

19

1.34

(0.60, 3.01)

43

7

0.75

(0.26, 2.16)

78

12

0.70

(0.31, 1.58)

 43 − 50

456

121

1.16

(0.86, 1.56)

136

25

0.86

(0.46, 1.59)

70

11

1.06

(0.42, 2.70)

39

7

0.94

(0.32, 2.78)

70

14

0.94

(0.42, 2.12)

 Never used

10000

2025

0.93

(0.75, 1.15)

2600

529

0.94

(0.61, 1.45)

1368

284

1.36

(0.72, 2.56)

729

153

1.10

(0.56, 2.16)

1279

267

0.94

(0.55, 1.61)

p-trenda

  

0.07

   

0.34

   

0.10

   

0.40

   

0.45

 

p-heterogeneity#

      

0.22

   

0.12

   

0.20

   

0.38

 

Duration of intrauterine device (years)

 Never used

10000

2025

1

Reference

2600

529

1

Reference

1368

284

1

Reference

729

153

1

Reference

1279

267

1

Reference

 <2

341

64

0.91

(0.69, 1.21)

83

16

0.86

(0.49, 1.52)

56

13

1.23

(0.62, 2.43)

33

5

0.84

(0.31, 2.32)

37

7

0.90

(0.38, 2.13)

 2–5

432

104

1.17

(0.93, 1.48)

112

21

0.95

(0.58, 1.56)

62

11

0.96

(0.47, 1.94)

36

7

0.81

(0.34, 1.91)

57

21

1.79

(1.01, 3.16)

 6–10

615

140

1.16

(0.95, 1.42)

153

40

1.37

(0.94, 2.01)

89

15

0.86

(0.46, 1.59)

53

8

0.62

(0.27, 1.43)

99

20

1.23

(0.72, 2.11)

 >10

820

212

1.35

(1.14, 1.61)

176

31

0.96

(0.63, 1.46)

111

12

0.51

(0.27, 0.96)

63

12

0.73

(0.37, 1.47)

120

20

0.75

(0.44, 1.28)

p-trend

  

<0.0001

   

0.52

   

0.06

   

0.18

   

0.98

 

p-heterogeneity#

      

0.08

   

0.01

   

0.65

   

0.22

 

Hormone therapy use

 Never

7411

1356

1

Reference

1762

356

1

Reference

1010

195

1

Reference

573

113

1

Reference

991

196

1

Reference

 Past

4809

1086

1.27

(1.15, 1.40)

1361

276

0.98

(0.81, 1.18)

688

142

1.07

(0.81, 1.42)

319

65

0.88

(0.60, 1.30)

575

126

1.04

(0.79, 1.38)

 Estrogen current

655

131

1.06

(0.86, 1.31)

162

31

0.81

(0.53, 1.23)

85

19

1.14

(0.65, 1.99)

51

12

1.12

(0.54, 2.35)

93

16

0.79

(0.43, 1.46)

 Estrogen and progesterone current

345

184

2.92

(2.36, 3.62)

89

33

1.74

(1.10, 2.74)

48

18

1.67

(0.89, 3.14)

32

6

0.88

(0.33, 2.30)

49

10

0.92

(0.43, 1.98)

p-trend

  

<0.0001

   

0.34

   

0.15

   

0.77

   

0.72

 

p-heterogeneity#

      

0.05

   

0.34

   

0.03

   

0.01

 

Duration of hormone therapy (years)

 Never

7411

1356

1

Reference

1762

356

1

Reference

1010

195

1

Reference

573

113

1

Reference

991

196

1

Reference

  < =3

1625

306

1.09

(0.94, 1.26)

473

96

0.99

(0.76, 1.30)

237

43

0.90

(0.61, 1.34)

134

20

0.66

(0.38, 1.16)

234

41

0.77

(0.52, 1.15)

 4–8

1130

240

1.21

(1.03, 1.43)

289

64

1.06

(0.77, 1.46)

155

35

1.19

(0.76, 1.87)

76

19

1.18

(0.65, 2.13)

119

25

0.99

(0.59, 1.67)

 >8

1756

555

1.84

(1.61, 2.11)

485

112

1.24

(0.95, 1.61)

253

63

1.34

(0.91, 1.98)

108

23

0.93

(0.52, 1.65)

222

47

1.04

(0.69, 1.56)

p-trend

  

<0.0001

   

0.15

   

0.14

   

0.94

   

1.00

 

p-heterogeneity#

      

0.001

   

0.48

   

0.11

   

0.02

 

Duration of estrogen and progesterone therapy (years)

 Never

7411

1356

1

Reference

1762

356

1

Reference

1010

195

1

Reference

573

113

1

Reference

991

196

1

Reference

  < =5

1908

412

1.25

(1.09, 1.43)

545

114

1.02

(0.79, 1.32)

276

45

0.79

(0.53, 1.17)

153

30

0.92

(0.56, 1.53)

230

54

1.19

(0.81, 1.74)

  > 5

1796

561

1.80

(1.58, 2.06)

496

116

1.18

(0.90, 1.54)

256

71

1.47

(1.00, 2.16)

105

29

1.04

(0.62, 1.74)

211

52

1.34

(0.89, 2.02)

p-trend

  

<0.0001

   

0.31

   

0.27

   

0.98

   

0.13

 

p-heterogeneity#

      

0.004

   

0.19

   

0.19

   

0.02

 
  1. aThe category Never was not included in the analysis of p-trend. *p for trend and OR mutually adjusted for age (50–54, 55–59, 60–64, 65–70 years at screening), body mass index (BMI) (≤22, 23–25, 26–28, >28 at screening), education (no education/primary school, high school, bachelor or master’s degree), age at menarche (9–12, 13, 14, 15–18 years), number of pregnancies (0, 1, 2, 3, ≥4), menopausal status (premenopausal, perimenopausal, postmenopausal). # p for heterogeneity across subtypes was determined in a case − case model (see “Methods”). ER estrogen receptor, PR progesterone receptor, HER2 human epidermal growth factor receptor 2