From: Propranolol and survival from breast cancer: a pooled analysis of European breast cancer cohorts
Medication usage | Cancer-specific/all-cause mortality | All patients | Person-years | Unadjusted | Adjusted for age and year | Fully adjusteda | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
HR (95% CI) | P | Hetero I 2 (P) | HR (95% CI) | P | Hetero I 2 (P) | HR (95% CI) | P | Hetero I 2 (P) | ||||
Breast cancer-specific mortality | ||||||||||||
Propranolol non-user | 5291 | 53,482 | 176,723 | 1.00 (ref. cat.) | 1.00 (ref. cat.) | 1.00 (ref. cat.) | ||||||
Propranolol userb | 128 | 1770 | 4989 | 0.92 (0.77, 1.10) | 0.36 | 0% (0.75) | 0.97 (0.82, 1.16) | 0.77 | 0% (0.84) | 0.94 (0.77, 1.16) | 0.56 | 0% (0.56) |
Propranolol prescriptions | ||||||||||||
<1 year of prescriptionsc | 88 | 1217 | 3703 | 1.00 (0.79, 1.26) | 0.98 | 22% (0.27) | 1.09 (0.88, 1.35) | 0.42 | 9% (0.35) | 1.01 (0.80, 1.27) | 0.96 | 0% (0.62) |
≥1 year of prescriptionsc | 40 | 553 | 1286 | 0.82 (0.56, 1.21) | 0.32 | 3% (0.38) | 0.80 (0.54, 1.17) | 0.25 | 2% (0.38) | 0.93 (0.46, 1.90) | 0.84 | 63% (0.04) |
Non-selective bb non-user | 5215 | 52,903 | 175,007 | 1.00 (ref. cat.) | 1.00 (ref. cat.) | 1.00 (ref. cat.) | ||||||
Non-selective bb userb | 204 | 2349 | 6706 | 1.08 (0.94, 1.24) | 0.31 | 0% (0.51) | 1.07 (0.93, 1.23) | 0.37 | 0% (0.92) | 1.01 (0.85, 1.20) | 0.90 | 0% (0.47) |
Non-selective bb prescriptions | ||||||||||||
<1 year of prescriptionsc | 145 | 1466 | 4555 | 1.13 (0.93, 1.37) | 0.22 | 22% (0.27) | 1.16 (0.99, 1.37) | 0.07 | 0% (0.55) | 1.10 (0.90, 1.34) | 0.36 | 0% (0.70) |
≥1 year of prescriptionsc | 59 | 883 | 2149 | 1.02 (0.78, 1.31) | 0.91 | 0% (0.72) | 0.92 (0.71, 1.19) | 0.53 | 0% (0.83) | 0.97 (0.63, 1.48) | 0.88 | 46% (0.14) |
All-cause mortality | ||||||||||||
Propranolol non-user | 24,654 | 128,505 | 554,765 | 1.00 (ref. cat.) | 1.00 (ref. cat.) | 1.00 (ref. cat.) | ||||||
Propranolol userb | 818 | 4746 | 16,202 | 1.04 (0.86, 1.27) | 0.68 | 82% (<0.01) | 1.13 (0.93, 1.37) | 0.21 | 81% (<0.01) | 1.09 (0.93, 1.28) | 0.27 | 65% (0.006) |
Propranolol prescriptions | ||||||||||||
<1 year of prescriptionsc | 548 | 3099 | 10,977 | 1.01 (0.78, 1.32) | 0.92 | 85% (<0.01) | 1.20 (0.93, 1.53) | 0.16 | 83% (<0.01) | 1.15 (0.95, 1.39) | 0.16 | 62% (0.01) |
≥1 year of prescriptionsc | 270 | 1647 | 5225 | 1.18 (0.97, 1.44) | 0.10 | 45% (0.09) | 1.10 (0.96, 1.26) | 0.17 | 10% (0.35) | 1.09 (0.85, 1.40) | 0.48 | 55% (0.04) |
Non-selective bb non-user | 23,740 | 125,320 | 543,344 | 1.00 (ref. cat.) | 1.00 (ref. cat.) | 1.00 (ref. cat.) | ||||||
Non-selective bb userb | 1732 | 7931 | 27,624 | 1.34 (1.14, 1.58) | 0.001 | 87% (<0.01) | 1.22 (1.09, 1.36) | 0.001 | 70% (<0.01) | 1.16 (1.02, 1.32) | 0.02 | 71% (<0.01) |
Non-selective bb prescriptions | ||||||||||||
<1 year of prescriptionsc | 1012 | 4512 | 17,074 | 1.23 (0.98, 1.55) | 0.08 | 89% (<0.01) | 1.22 (1.04, 1.43) | 0.02 | 75% (<0.01) | 1.19 (1.04, 1.36) | 0.01 | 54% (0.03) |
≥1 year of prescriptionsc | 720 | 3419 | 10,549 | 1.67 (1.49, 1.87) | <0.001 | 39% (0.13) | 1.30 (1.21, 1.40) | <0.001 | 0% (0.61) | 1.23 (1.04, 1.45) | 0.02 | 62% (0.02) |