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Table 2 Association of adolescent fiber intake with premenopausal breast density (coefficient and 95 % confidence interval) (n = 743)

From: Adolescent fiber intake and mammographic breast density in premenopausal women

Type of fiber/food group

Percent density (untransformed)

Absolute dense area (square root- transformed)

Non-dense area (square root-transformed)

N

Age/BMI adjusted

Fully adjusteda

Age/BMI adjusted

Fully adjusteda

Age/BMI adjusted

Fully adjusteda

Total fiber, quartile (quartile median)

 1st (15.7)

183

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

 2nd (18.9)

184

-0.51 (-3.62, 2.60)

-0.66 (-3.62, 2.31)

0.13 (-0.38, 0.63)

0.00 (-0.50, 0.49)

0.16 (-0.34, 0.65)

0.09 (-0.40, 0.57)

 3rd (21.6)

190

-0.74 (-3.83, 2.35)

-1.04 (-4.30, 2.22)

0.22 (-0.28, 0.72)

0.10 (-0.42, 0.61)

0.36 (-0.13, 0.85)

0.34 (-0.17, 0.85)

 4th (26.5)

186

-0.19 (-3.29, 2.92)

-0.82 (-4.16, 2.53)

0.14 (-0.37, 0.64)

-0.09 (-0.61, 0.44)

0.16 (-0.33, 0.66)

0.06 (-0.49, 0.61)

p trend

 

0.92

0.64

0.59

0.80

0.48

0.75

Fiber from fruits, quartile (quartile median)

 1st (1.9)

193

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

 2nd (3.5)

184

-0.10 (-3.18, 2.97)

-0.71 (-3.73, 2.31)

0.00 (-0.49, 0.50)

-0.01 (-0.54, 0.53)

0.07 (-0.42, 0.56)

0.23 (-0.27, 0.73)

 3rd (5.0)

184

-0.65 (-3.72, 2.42)

-2.11 (-5.28, 1.05)

-0.18 (-0.68, 0.31)

-0.30 (-0.80, 0.20)

0.01 (-0.48, 0.50)

0.21 (-0.30, 0.73)

 4th (7.2)

182

-0.01 (-3.09, 3.07)

-1.96 (-5.29, 1.38)

0.03 (-0.47, 0.53)

-0.26 (-0.80, 0.29)

0.11 (-0.38, 0.60)

0.29 (-0.28, 0.86)

p trend

 

0.94

0.21

0.95

0.24

0.72

0.36

Fiber from vegetables, quartile (quartile median)

 1st (3.4)

187

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

 2nd (5.2)

190

-0.33 (-3.40, 2.74)

-0.15 (-3.17, 2.86)

0.20 (-0.29, 0.70)

0.22 (-0.27, 0.70)

0.18 (-0.31, 0.67)

0.11 (-0.37, 0.58)

 3rd (6.8)

180

-0.59 (-3.70, 2.52)

0.64 (-2.40, 3.69)

0.23 (-0.28, 0.73)

0.36 (-0.16, 0.87)

0.36 (-0.14, 0.85)

0.19 (-0.30, 0.68)

 4th (9.8)

186

0.36 (-2.72, 3.44)

1.05 (-2.21, 4.32)

0.25 (-0.25, 0.75)

0.29 (-0.24, 0.82)

0.15 (-0.34, 0.64)

-0.02 (-0.56, 0.53)

p trend

 

0.80

0.46

0.37

0.31

0.54

0.91

Fiber from legumes, quartile (quartile median)

 1st (1.2)

201

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

 2nd (2.0)

186

-2.75 (-5.58, 0.09)

-2.92 (-5.72, -0.12)

-0.13 (-0.61, 0.36)

-0.14 (-0.61, 0.34)

0.29 (-0.18, 0.77)

0.34 (-0.13, 0.81)

 3rd (2.7)

177

0.40 (-2.73, 3.53)

-0.31 (-3.55, 2.93)

0.15 (-0.34, 0.65)

0.10 (-0.41, 0.60)

0.01 (-0.50, 0.53)

0.14 (-0.40, 0.68)

 4th (4.5)

179

-0.02 (-3.02, 2.97)

0.20 (-2.94, 3.34)

0.16 (-0.33, 0.65)

0.17 (-0.34, 0.68)

0.09 (-0.39, 0.57)

0.04 (-0.46, 0.54)

p trend

 

0.56

0.49

0.37

0.38

0.97

0.83

Fiber from cereal quartile (quartile median)

 1st (3.8)

194

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

 2nd (5.0)

173

-0.14 (-3.18, 2.90)

-0.90 (-3.92, 2.12)

-0.10 (-0.60, 0.40)

-0.23 (-0.74, 0.27)

-0.11 (-0.59, 0.37)

-0.04 (-0.52, 0.44)

 3rd (6.1)

203

0.67 (-2.31, 3.65)

0.48 (-2.51, 3.47)

0.10 (-0.38, 0.59)

0.08 (-0.41, 0.57)

-0.12 (-0.61, 0.37)

-0.08 (-0.58, 0.42)

 4th (7.9)

173

-1.02 (-4.00, 1.97)

-1.84 (-4.86, 1.18)

-0.20 (-0.71, 0.30)

-0.29 (-0.80, 0.23)

-0.04 (-0.53, 0.45)

0.06 (-0.45, 0.57)

p trend

 

0.61

0.36

0.57

0.47

0.89

0.83

Total nuts, servings

  < 1/month (0 serv/day)

307

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

 1–3/month (0.07 serv/day)

177

-1.00 (-3.81, 1.81)

-1.11 (-4.00, 1.77)

-0.18 (-0.64, 0.27)

-0.17 (-0.62, 0.29)

0.05 (-0.40, 0.50)

0.06 (-0.38, 0.50)

 1/week (0.14 serv/day)

233

-1.07 (-3.66, 1.52)

-1.79 (-4.52, 0.94)

0.14 (-0.28, 0.56)

0.11 (-0.34, 0.57)

0.49 (0.08, 0.90)

0.62 (0.17, 1.07)

  ≥ 2/week (0.57 serv/day)

24

-1.54 (-7.89, 4.81)

-2.49 (-8.70, 3.71)

0.03 (-1.00, 1.06)

-0.06 (-1.20, 1.08)

0.23 (-0.78, 1.23)

0.35 (-0.37, 1.07)

p trend

 

0.48

0.27

0.72

0.90

0.18

0.05

Fruit intake, quartile (quartile median)

 1st (0.6)

188

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

 2nd (1.2)

183

-0.39 (-3.29, 2.51)

-0.43 (-3.47, 2.61)

0.08 (-0.40, 0.56)

0.17 (-0.34, 0.68)

0.25 (-0.21, 0.71)

0.36 (-0.13, 0.84)

 3rd (1.8)

181

0.34 (-2.70, 3.38)

-0.30 (-3.66, 3.06)

0.13 (-0.34, 0.61)

0.19 (-0.35, 0.73)

0.15 (-0.34, 0.64)

0.38 (-0.15, 0.91)

 4th (2.7)

191

-0.18 (-3.18, 2.82)

-1.32 (-4.89, 2.26)

0.15 (-0.36, 0.66)

0.07 (-0.55, 0.68)

0.27 (-0.21, 0.75)

0.48 (-0.09, 1.06)

p trend

 

>0.99

0.75

0.55

0.88

0.36

0.14

Vegetable intake, quartile (quartile median)

 1st (1.2)

186

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

 2nd (2.0)

185

-0.91 (-3.92, 2.10)

-0.16 (-3.31, 2.98)

-0.20 (-0.67, 0.27)

-0.12 (-0.62, 0.37)

0.14 (-0.33, 0.62)

0.05 (-0.46, 0.55)

 3rd (2.9)

185

-0.16 (-3.00, 2.67)

0.04 (-3.22, 3.31)

0.34 (-0.15, 0.84)

0.45 (-0.11, 1.01)

0.38 (-0.10, 0.86)

0.43 (-0.11, 0.97)

 4th (4.4)

187

-0.59 (-3.68, 2.49)

0.08 (-3.70, 3.86)

0.08 (-0.41, 0.57)

0.27 (-0.33, 0.87)

0.25 (-0.24, 0.75)

0.28 (-0.31, 0.86)

p trend

 

0.85

0.93

0.40

0.20

0.27

0.29

  1. Abbreviations: BMI body mass index
  2. aAdjusted for age (continuous), body mass index (continuous), body mass index at age 18 (continuous), age at menarche (<12, 12–13, >13 years), parity and age at first child’s birth (nulliparous, 1–4 children with age at first birth <25 years, 1–4 children with age at first birth of 25–29 years, 1–4 children with age at first birth of ≥30 years, ≥5 children with age at first birth of <25 years, or ≥5 children with age at first birth of ≥25 years), a confirmed history of benign breast disease (yes, no), a family history of breast cancer (yes, no), alcohol consumption (0, 0– < 5, ≥5 g/day, unknown), average consumption of the same nutrient in adulthood (quartiles), caloric intake in adolescence (continuous), average caloric intake in adulthood (continuous)