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Table 1 Selected characteristics of women referred to an image-guided vacuum-assisted breast biopsy in The BREAST Stamp Project by breast biopsy diagnosis (n = 218)

From: Relationships between mammographic density, tissue microvessel density, and breast biopsy diagnosis

Characteristics

Non-cases (n = 174)

Cases (n = 44)

p a

Median age at biopsy (range)

52 (40–65)

52 (40–64)

0.25

 

n

%b

n

%b

 

Age at biopsy (years)

    

0.11

 39 to 44

25

14.4

6

13.6

 

 45 to 49

46

26.4

5

11.4

 

 50 to 54

51

29.3

13

29.5

 

 55 to 59

26

14.9

13

29.5

 

 60 to 65

26

14.9

7

15.9

 

Race

    

0.99

 White

159

91.4

41

93.2

 

 Non-white

15

8.6

3

6.8

 

Education

    

0.53

  < High school or high school graduate

26

15.1

5

11.4

 

 College/graduate school degree

146

84.9

39

88.6

 

Cigarette smoking (≥100)

    

0.24

 Never

83

48.5

17

38.6

 

 Ever

88

51.5

27

61.4

 

BMI (kg/m2)

    

0.49

  < 25

92

52.9

24

54.5

 

 25–<30

45

25.9

8

18.2

 

  ≥ 30

37

21.3

12

27.3

 

Age at menarche

    

0.79

  ≤ 12

65

37.8

18

40.9

 

 13

63

36.6

17

38.6

 

  ≥ 14

44

25.6

9

20.5

 

Oral contraceptives

    

0.02

 Never

21

12.2

8

18.2

 

 Former

148

86.1

32

72.7

 

 Current

3

1.7

4

9.1

 

Parity

    

0.17

 Nulliparous

46

26.4

6

13.6

 

 1

23

13.2

10

22.7

 

 2

68

39.1

20

45.5

 

  ≥ 3

37

21.3

8

18.2

 

Age at first birth (years)

    

0.62

  < 30

91

52.6

25

56.8

 

 Nulliparous or ≥ 30

82

47.4

19

43.2

 

Menopausal status

    

0.24

 Premenopausal

100

57.5

21

47.7

 

 Postmenopausal

74

42.5

23

52.3

 

Age at menopause (years)

    

0.59

 Premenopausal

100

57.5

21

47.7

 

  < 45

12

6.9

4

9.1

 

 45–49

17

9.8

3

6.8

 

  ≥ 50

32

18.4

12

27.3

 

 Postmenopausal, age unknown

13

7.5

4

9.1

 

Menopausal hormone therapy

    

0.04

 Never

121

69.5

23

52.3

 

 Former

35

20.1

18

40.9

 

 Current

10

5.7

2

4.5

 

 Missing/unknown

8

4.6

1

2.3

 

Family history of breast cancer

    

0.83

 No

131

75.7

34

77.3

 

 Yes

42

24.3

10

22.7

 

Lump at the time of mammography

    

0.47

 No

159

91.4

43

97.7

 

 Yes

8

4.6

1

2.3

 

 Missing/unknown

7

4.0

0

0.0

 

Reason for mammography

    

0.91

 Screening

156

89.7

41

93.2

 

 Short-interval follow-up

10

5.7

2

4.5

 

 Evaluation of breast problem

8

4.6

1

2.3

 

BI-RADS breast density

    

0.74

 I (entirely fat)

20

11.5

3

6.8

 

 II (scattered densities)

78

44.8

20

45.5

 

 III (heterogeneously dense)

51

29.3

17

38.6

 

 IV (extremely dense)

14

8.0

2

4.5

 

 Missing/unknown

11

6.3

2

4.5

 

Final BI-RADS mammography assessment

    

0.03

 3 (probably benign finding)

3

1.7

1

2.3

 

 4 (suspicious abnormality)

169

97.1

39

88.6

 

 5 (highly suggestive of malignancy)

1

0.6

3

6.8

 

Biopsy laterality

    

0.64

 Left

82

47.1

24

54.5

 

 Right

89

51.1

20

45.5

 

 Bilateral

3

1.7

0

0.0

 

Pathologic diagnosisc

     

 Benign

50

28.7

--

--

 

 Proliferative

99

56.9

--

--

 

 Proliferative with atypia

25

14.4

--

--

 

 In situ

--

--

36

81.8

 

 Invasive carcinoma

--

--

8

18.2

 

Lesion size

    

0.24

  < 1 cm

93

54.1

19

44.2

 

  ≥ 1 cm

79

45.9

24

55.8

 

Volumetric mammographic density measures

Median

Range

Median

Range

 

Global

     

 % density (volume)

36.0

0.6–99.3

35.2

10.0–97.3

0.59

 Dense volume (cm3)

178.6

6.7–497.8

177.0

80.3–683.5

0.70

 Non-dense volume (cm3)

324.7

1.6–1977.0

433.0

2.2–1291.5

0.31

Lesional

     

 % density (volume)

42.4

0.0–100.0

44.5

6.1–100.0

0.86

 Dense volume (cm3)

1.4

0.0–26.8

1.7

0.2–16.9

0.08

 Non-dense volume (cm3)

1.4

0.0–26.3

2.8

0.0–37.1

0.03

MVDd

2.2

0.6–5.0

2.5

1.0–5.0

0.13

  1. Variables with P values < 0.05 are presented in bold font
  2. BREAST Breast Radiology Evaluation and Study of Tissues, BMI body mass index, BI-RADS Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System, MVD microvessel density
  3. aChi-square test was used for categorical variables; where 25 % of cells had counts less than 5 we used Fisher’s exact test. Wilcoxon rank sum test was used for continuous variables
  4. bWhen more than 3 % of data were missing for a covariate, missing values were included as a separate category. Otherwise, missing data were excluded from column percentages and chi-square or Fisher’s exact test
  5. cBenign: normal lobules or ducts defined as sclerotic/atrophied; non-proliferative fibrocystic change; discrete entities. Proliferative: ductal hyperplasia; sclerosing adenosis. Proliferative with atypia: atypical ductal or lobular hyperplasia
  6. dThe average of MVD within a woman was computed and standardized by one standard deviation
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Breast Cancer Research

ISSN: 1465-542X

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