Paternal programming of breast cancer risk in daughters in a rat model: opposing effects of animal- and plant-based high-fat diets

Table 1 Health parameters of male rats and their 50-day-old female offspring in control diet, lard-based diet, and corn oil-based diet groups

	CO	LB	CB
Male rats
Weight gain	363.1 ± 6.4 g	398.2 ± 12.0 g^a	369.4 ± 7.8 g^b
Fat weight
Abdominal fat	1.4 ± 0.1 g/100 g body weight	2.7 ± 0.2 g/100 g body weight^a	2.6 ± 0.2 g/100 g body weight^a
Retroperitoneal fat	0.8 ± 0.1 g/100 g body weight	1.9 ± 0.1 g/100 g body weight^a	1.7 ± 0.2 g/100 g body weight^a
Epididymal fat	1.2 ± 0.1 g/100 g body weight	2.7 ± 0.1 g/100 g body weight^a	2.0 ± 0.2 g/100 g body weight^a,b
Reproductive organs
Testicle	0.45 ± 0.01 g/100 g body weight	0.40 ± 0.01 g/100 g body weight^a	0.45 ± 0.01 g/100 g body weight^b
Epididymis	0.14 ± 0.00 g/100 g body weight	0.13 ± 0.00 g/100 g body weight^a	0.14 ± 0.00 g/100 g body weight^b
Seminal vesicle	0.33 ± 0.01 g/100 g body weight	0.29 ± 0.02 g/100 g body weight^c	0.33 ± 0.02 g/100 g body weight^d
Sperm morphology (% normal)	66.4 ± 2.8 %	50.1 ± 3.0 %^a	70.9 ± 2.9 %^b
Daily sperm production, n/testicle/day	31 ± 1.9 × 10⁶	23 ± 0.9^a × 10⁶	29 ± 0.8^b × 10⁶
Fasting glycemia	100.8 ± 3 mg/dl	124.6 ± 4 mg/dl^a	116.1 ± 3 mg/dl^a
50-day-old female offspring
Birth weight	8.0 ± 1.5 g	8.8 ± 1.0 g^a	9.1 ± 1.5 g^a
Weight gain	138.9 ± 1.5 g	147.0 ± 1.2 g^a	142.1 ± 1.1 g^b,c
Retroperitoneal fat	0.9 ± 0.1 g/100 g body weight	1.1 ± 0.0 g/100 g body weight^a	1.2 ± 0.1 g/100 g body weight^a
Fasting glycemia	106.4 ± 2.0 mg/dl	112.5 ± 1.9 mg/dl^a	106.3 ± 1.2 mg/dl^b

Abbreviations: CB rats fed a corn oil-based high-fat diet and their offspring, CO rats fed a control diet and their offspring, LB rats fed a lard-based high-fat diet and their offspring
Statistically significant difference (p ≤ 0.05) compared with ^aCO and ^bLB, according to analysis of variance followed by least significant difference test. Marginal difference (p ≤ 0.08) compared with ^cCO and ^dLB, according to t test. The data are expressed as mean ± SEM (n = 20 per group)

ISSN: 1465-542X