Fig. 8
From: COX-2 modulates mammary tumor progression in response to collagen density
Celecoxib diminishes PyMT/Col1a1 tumor growth when administered prior to tumor formation. a Timeline for the celecoxib preventive study. See “Methods” for more details. b-e Quantitation of several tumors from PyMT and PyMT/Col1a1 animals, treated with vehicle (Veh) or celecoxib (Clxb). b Tumor weight is higher in PyMT/Col1a1 tumors (n = 5) when compared to PyMT tumors and celecoxib delays tumor growth in PyMT/Col1a1 mice. c PyMT/Col1a1 mice develop more tumors than PyMT mice and celecoxib reduces tumor number in PyMT/Col1a1 mice. d Tumor volume is higher in PyMT/Col1a1 tumors when compared to PyMT tumors and celecoxib reduces tumor volume in PyMT/Col1a1 mice. e The average amount of glucose uptake by the tumors remains the same regardless of collagen density or treatment with celecoxib. 18Fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) tracer. %ID/g (tissue) is the percent injected dose of PET tracer per gram of tissue. f Representative PET images of PyMT/Col1a1 mice at 9 and 14 weeks of age either treated with celecoxib or vehicle. Images over time correspond to same subject. Arrows indicate tumors and asterisks indicate tissue other than tumors that uptake the FDG tracer, such as brain, carotid, brown fat, heart, kidneys, aorta, bladder, or muscle tissue. g Regulation of cytokines by density and celecoxib. Several cytokines are upregulated in PyMT/Col1a1 (HD) mammary tumors compared to PyMT (wild-type (WT)) tumors. Treatment with celecoxib diminishes cytokine levels in PyMT (WT) and PyMT/Col1a1 (HD) mice. Relative levels of cytokines are represented as the fold-change normalized to PyMT (WT) vehicle. Cytokines with equal to or greater than a 2-fold change are considered significantly upregulated. Three tumors, each from a single animal, were pooled for each treatment arm to perform the multiplex cytokine ELISA array. TNFa tumor necrosis factor alpha, IGF insulin growth factor, VEGF vascular endothelial growth factor, IL interleukin, FGFβ fibroblast growth factor beta, IFNy interferon gamma, EGF epithelial growth factor, G-CSF granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (CSF-2), GM-CSF granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (CSF-3), MCP-1 monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (CCL2), MIP-1a macrophage inflammatory protein 1 alpha (CCL3), SCF stem cell factor, RANTES regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted (CCL5), PDGF-ββ Platelet-derived growth factor beta-beta, β-NGF nerve growth factor beta. c-f For the PET studies, n = 3 and for tumor weight measurement, n = 5 mice; *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01