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Table 1 Characteristics of the study population by history of infertility and fertility treatment

From: Association of infertility and fertility treatment with mammographic density in a large screening-based cohort of women: a cross-sectional study

Characteristic

No infertility

History of infertility

No hormone treatment

Hormonal treatment onlya

COS for IVF/ICSIb

(n = 34,360)

(n = 5948)

(n = 1429)

(n = 1576)

Absolute dense volume, cm3

62.8 ± 33.2

64.0 ± 33.7

64.8 ± 31.4

73.8 ± 41.5

Absolute non-dense volume, cm3

773 ± 466

805 ± 470

804 ± 499

706 ± 465

Percent dense volume, pp

9.2 ± 5.2

9.0 ± 5.2

9.3 ± 5.2

11.4 ± 5.8

Age at mammography, years, %

    

 40–44

20.9

16.4

22.9

42.5

 45–49

19.1

17.2

20.4

28.7

 50–54

18.3

17.2

19.9

18.3

 55–59

13.4

15.1

15.3

8.3

 60–64

14.0

16.6

12.5

1.8

 65–69

14.4

17.5

9.0

0.3

BMI, kg/m2, %

    

 <18.5

0.8

1.0

1.0

1.4

 18.5–24.9

55.7

53.6

54.9

61.7

 25–29.9

30.9

32.6

29.5

27.0

 ≥30

12.6

12.8

14.6

9.8

Age at menarche, years, %

    

 <12

12.6

14.2

14.1

16.1

 12–14

72.0

70.5

69.7

70.7

 ≥15–25

15.3

15.3

16.2

13.2

Cigarette smoking, %

    

 Never

48.7

46.0

50.7

57.4

 Current

11.3

10.8

9.2

7.2

 Former

40.0

43.2

40.2

35.3

Alcohol consumption, g/d, %

    

 Non-drinker

18.3

17.3

17.4

15.5

 0.1–9.9

62.1

61.2

62.8

67.8

 ≥10

19.5

21.5

19.9

16.7

Education level, %

    

 Compulsory school

10.9

12.0

6.9

2.5

 Upper secondary school

31.6

31.1

32.4

25.5

 University

54.3

53.1

56.8

69.2

 Other

3.2

3.9

3.9

2.8

Family history of breast cancer, %

12.5

12.7

13.6

12.1

Parity, %

    

 Nulliparous

10.8

17.3

14.4

31.3

 One birth

12.3

19.3

21.6

27.5

 Two births

50.4

44.2

43.5

31.5

 Three or more births

26.6

19.2

20.4

9.7

Premenopausal, %

46.1

39.3

50.2

73.9

  1. Plus-minus values are means ± standard deviation
  2. Abbreviations: BMI body mass index, COS controlled ovarian stimulation, HRT hormone replacement therapy, ICSI intracytoplasmic sperm injection, IVF in vitro fertilization, pp percentage points
  3. aHormonal treatment includes ovulation induction with clomiphene citrate or low-dose gonadotropins
  4. bCOS for IVF/ICSI treatment includes high-dose gonadotropin stimulation for multiple follicle recruitment and superovulation