Author, year | Exposure of interest | Exposure comparison group | Cases/controls*** or cases/person-years**** in exposure group (number) | Cases/controls*** or cases/person-years****in comparison group (number) | Risk Ratio** | 95 % CI | Risk of bias | Power |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Any insulin-no insulin: hazard ratio | ||||||||
Carstensen et al., 2012 [43] | Insulin users | No insulin users | 248/102,500 | 2,118/627,100 | 0.96 | 0.84, 1.09 | Moderate | Adequate |
Ferrara et al., 2011 [48] | Insulin users | No insulin users | NR | NR | 1.0 | 0.9, 1.2 | Moderate | Adequate |
Neumann et al., 2012 [60] | Insulin users | No insulin users | NR/NR* | NR/NR* | 0.86 | 0.81, 0.91 | High | Adequate |
Onitilo et al., 2014 [61] | Insulin users | No insulin users | NR/NR* | NR/NR* | 0.84 | 0.58, 1.23 | High | Too low |
Any insulin-no insulin: odds ratio | ||||||||
Bodmer et al., 2010a [41] | Insulin users | No insulin users | 43/131 | 262/1,022 | NE | NE | High | Too low |
Cleveland et al., 2012 [45] | Insulin users | No insulin users | 20/16 | 50/49 | 1.15 | 0.40, 3.40 | High | Too low |
Any insulin-NIAD: hazard ratio | ||||||||
Currie et al., 2009a [6] | Insulin users | Metformin only | NR/12,640* | NR/34,847* | 1.07 | 0.79, 1.44 | Moderate | Too low |
Redaniel et al., 2012a [62] | Insulin and NIAD users | Sulfonylurea only users | 33/8,233.8 | 93/27,308.2 | 1.23 | 0.63, 2.38 | Low | Too low |
Redaniel et al., 2012b [62] | Insulin only users | Sulfonylurea only users | 8/2,247.3 | 93/27,308.2 | 1.67 | 0.70, 3.99 | Low | Too low |
Vallarino et al., 2013****** [67] | Pioglitzone users, not using insulin | Insulin users, not using pioglitazone | 181/29,721 | 113/13,680 | 0.85 | 0.67, 1.08 | High | Low |
Any insulin-NIAD: odds ratio | ||||||||
Hsieh et al., 2012 [53] | Insulin only users | Metformin only users | 5/NR | 19/NR | 1.63 | 0.60, 4.40 | High | Too low |
Koro et al., 2007a [54] | Insulin and NIAD users | TZD users | 13/52 | 83/449 | 0.71 | 0.36, 1.37 | High | Too low |
Koro et al., 2007b [54] | Insulin only users | TZD users | 9/62 | 83/449 | 1.27 | 0.61, 2.67 | High | Too low |
Glargine-no glargine: hazard ratio | ||||||||
Bordeleau et al., 2014***** [42] | Glargine users | Standard care, not using glargine | 28/11,620* | 28/12,845* | 1.15 | 0.67, 1.97 | Low | Too low |
Home and Lagarenne, 2009***** [52] | Glargine users | Any anti-diabetic drug, NPH in 20 studies | 4/4,711 | 6/4,524 | 0.62 | 0.17, 2.18 | Moderate | Too low |
Rosenstock et al., 2009 [63] | Glargine users | NPH users | 3/2,144 | 5/2,096 | 0.90 | 0.64, 1.26 | Low | Too low |
Chang et al., 2011***** [44] | Glargine users, not using int-/long-acting HI | Non-glargine int/long-acting HI users | 6/6,558.8* | 65/47,724.6* | 0.53 | 0.21, 1.31 | Moderate | Too low |
Colhoun et al., 2009a [5] | Glargine plus non-glargine insulin users | Non-glargine insulin users | 0/NR | 29/9,667* | NE | NE | High | Too low |
Colhoun et al., 2009b***** [5] | Glargine only users | Non-glargine insulin users | 6/1,200* | 29/9,667* | 1.47 | 0.59, 3.64 | High | Too low |
Currie et al., 2009b***** [6] | Glargine users | Non-glargine insulin users | 10/2,245* | 38/8,102* | 0.86 | 0.42, 1.75 | Moderate | Too low |
Fagot et al., 2013a***** [47] | Glargine users | Other int-/long-acting insulin only users | 114/42,129* | 40/14,082* | 1.08 | 0.72, 1.62 | High | Too low |
Habel et al., 2013a**** * [51] | Glargine users | NPH insulin users | 52/10,614.8 | 217/60,868.1 | 1.3 | 1.0, 1.8 | Moderate | Too low |
Habel et al., 2013b [51] | Glargine only users | NPH insulin users | 33/6,402.4 | 217/60,868.1 | 1.3 | 0.9, 2.0 | Moderate | Too low |
Habel et al., 2013c [51] | Glargine and NPH insulin users | NPH insulin users | 19/4,212.5 | 217/60,868.1 | 1.3 | 0.8, 2.0 | Moderate | Too low |
Kostev et al., 2012a***** [55] | Glargine users | NPH insulin users | NR | NR | 0.93 | 0.68, 1.27 | High | Too low |
Lind et al., 2012a***** [56] | Glargine users | Non-glargine users | 19/7,019.4 | 96/48,889.6* | 1.54 | 0.90, 2.67 | Moderate | Too low |
Morden et al., 2011a [59] | Glargine plus non-glargine insulin users | Non-glargine insulin users | 102/18,889* | 333/65,294* | 1.08 | 0.86, 1.36 | High | Low |
Morden et al., 2011b***** [59] | Glargine only users | Non-glargine insulin users | 118/21,071* | 333/65,294* | 1.03 | 0.83, 1.29 | High | Low |
Ruiter et al., 2012a***** [64] | Glargine only users | Human insulin only users | 11/6,875* | NR; IR=2.28* | 1.65 | 1.10, 2.47 | Moderate | Too low |
Sturmer et al., 2013a **** [65] | Glargine users | NPH users | 103/26,277 | 19/5,885 | 1.07 | 0.65, 1.75 | Moderate | Too low |
Suissa et al., 2011a***** [66] | Glargine users | Non-glargine insulin users | 18/6,094 | 60/12,262 | 0.8 | 0.3, 2.1 | Moderate | Too low |
Pooled hazard ratio | Glargine | No glargine | Â | Â | 1.04 | 0.91, 1.17 | Â | Â |
Glargine-no glargine: incidence rate ratio | ||||||||
Ljung et al., 2011a [57] | Glargine plus non-glargine insulin users | Non-glargine insulin users | 59/25,033 | 283/101,419 | 1.04 | 0.77, 1.41 | High | Low |
Ljung et al., 2011b [57] | Glargine only users | Non-glargine insulin users | 31/7,302 | 283/101,419 | 1.58 | 1.09, 2.29 | High | Too low |
Glargine-no glargine: odds ratio | ||||||||
Grimaldi-Bensouda et al., 2013a [49] | Glargine users | Non-glargine users | 78/287 | 697/2,763* | 1.04 | 0.76, 1.44 | Low | Borderline |
Grimaldi-Bensouda et al., 2013b [49] | Glargine users | Non-glargine insulin users | 74/203 | 70/207 | 0.96 | 0.61, 1.53 | Low | Too low |
Grimaldi-Bensouda et al., 2013c [49] | Glargine users | Human insulin users | NR | NR | 1.29 | 0.78, 2.13 | Low | NE |
Grimaldi-Bensouda et al., 2013d [49] | Glargine users | Aspart users | NR | NR | 1.10 | 0.64, 1.89 | Low | NE |
Grimaldi-Bensouda et al., 2013e [49] | Glargine users | Lispro users | NR | NR | 0.85 | 0.48, 1.50 | Low | NE |
Mannucci et al., 2010a [58] | Glargine users | Non-glargine insulin users | NR | NR | NE | NE | High | Too low |
Determir-no determir: hazard ratio | ||||||||
Fagot et al., 2013b [47] | Determir users | Other int-/long-acting insulin only users | 38/12,806* | 116/43,131* | 1.08 | 0.72, 1.62 | High | Too low |
Kostev et al., 2012b [55] | Detemir users | NPH insulin users | NR/789 | NR/4,206 | 1.17 | 0.66, 2.06 | High | Too low |
Determir-no determir: incidence rate ratio | ||||||||
Dejgaard et al., 2009a [46] | Determir users | NPH users | 1/2,252 | 0/1,420 | NE | NE | Low | Too low |
Dejgaard et al., 2009b [46] | Determir users | Glargine users | 1/917 | 3/628 | NR | NR | Low | Too low |
Aspart-no aspart: odds ratio | ||||||||
Grimaldi-Bensouda et al., 2013f [55] | Aspart users | Non-aspart users | 54/241 | 721/2,809* | 0.95 | 0.64, 1.40 | Low | Borderline |
Lispro-no lispro: odds ratio | ||||||||
Grimaldi-Bensouda et al., 2013g [49] | Lispro users | Non-lispro users | 46/133 | 729/2,917* | 1.23 | 0.79, 1.92 | Low | Borderline |
Human insulin-no human insulin: hazard ratio | ||||||||
Fagot et al., 2013c [47] | Basal human insulin users | Other int-/long-acting insulin only users | 15/5,813* | 139/50,948* | 1.03 | 0.56, 1.88 | High | Too low |
Gu et al., 2013 [50] | Human insulin users | No insulin users | 4/6,188* | 14/10,435* | 0.33 | 0.10, 1.13 | Moderate | Too low |
Ruiter et al., 2012b [64] | Non-glargine insulin users | Human insulin only users | 31/15,578* | NR; IR=2.28* | 0.99 | 0.81, 1.20 | Moderate | Too low |
Human insulin-no human insulin: odds ratio | ||||||||
Grimaldi-Bensouda et al., 2013h [49] | Human insulin users | Non-human insulin users | 59/260 | 716/2,790* | 0.81 | 0.55, 1.20 | Low | Borderline |