Any insulin-no insulin: hazard ratio
|
Carstensen et al., 2012 [43]
|
Insulin users
|
No insulin users
|
248/102,500
|
2,118/627,100
|
0.96
|
0.84, 1.09
|
Moderate
|
Adequate
|
Ferrara et al., 2011 [48]
|
Insulin users
|
No insulin users
|
NR
|
NR
|
1.0
|
0.9, 1.2
|
Moderate
|
Adequate
|
Neumann et al., 2012 [60]
|
Insulin users
|
No insulin users
|
NR/NR*
|
NR/NR*
|
0.86
|
0.81, 0.91
|
High
|
Adequate
|
Onitilo et al., 2014 [61]
|
Insulin users
|
No insulin users
|
NR/NR*
|
NR/NR*
|
0.84
|
0.58, 1.23
|
High
|
Too low
|
Any insulin-no insulin: odds ratio
|
Bodmer et al., 2010a [41]
|
Insulin users
|
No insulin users
|
43/131
|
262/1,022
|
NE
|
NE
|
High
|
Too low
|
Cleveland et al., 2012 [45]
|
Insulin users
|
No insulin users
|
20/16
|
50/49
|
1.15
|
0.40, 3.40
|
High
|
Too low
|
Any insulin-NIAD: hazard ratio
|
Currie et al., 2009a [6]
|
Insulin users
|
Metformin only
|
NR/12,640*
|
NR/34,847*
|
1.07
|
0.79, 1.44
|
Moderate
|
Too low
|
Redaniel et al., 2012a [62]
|
Insulin and NIAD users
|
Sulfonylurea only users
|
33/8,233.8
|
93/27,308.2
|
1.23
|
0.63, 2.38
|
Low
|
Too low
|
Redaniel et al., 2012b [62]
|
Insulin only users
|
Sulfonylurea only users
|
8/2,247.3
|
93/27,308.2
|
1.67
|
0.70, 3.99
|
Low
|
Too low
|
Vallarino et al., 2013****** [67]
|
Pioglitzone users, not using insulin
|
Insulin users, not using pioglitazone
|
181/29,721
|
113/13,680
|
0.85
|
0.67, 1.08
|
High
|
Low
|
Any insulin-NIAD: odds ratio
|
Hsieh et al., 2012 [53]
|
Insulin only users
|
Metformin only users
|
5/NR
|
19/NR
|
1.63
|
0.60, 4.40
|
High
|
Too low
|
Koro et al., 2007a [54]
|
Insulin and NIAD users
|
TZD users
|
13/52
|
83/449
|
0.71
|
0.36, 1.37
|
High
|
Too low
|
Koro et al., 2007b [54]
|
Insulin only users
|
TZD users
|
9/62
|
83/449
|
1.27
|
0.61, 2.67
|
High
|
Too low
|
Glargine-no glargine: hazard ratio
|
Bordeleau et al., 2014***** [42]
|
Glargine users
|
Standard care, not using glargine
|
28/11,620*
|
28/12,845*
|
1.15
|
0.67, 1.97
|
Low
|
Too low
|
Home and Lagarenne, 2009***** [52]
|
Glargine users
|
Any anti-diabetic drug, NPH in 20 studies
|
4/4,711
|
6/4,524
|
0.62
|
0.17, 2.18
|
Moderate
|
Too low
|
Rosenstock et al., 2009 [63]
|
Glargine users
|
NPH users
|
3/2,144
|
5/2,096
|
0.90
|
0.64, 1.26
|
Low
|
Too low
|
Chang et al., 2011***** [44]
|
Glargine users, not using int-/long-acting HI
|
Non-glargine int/long-acting HI users
|
6/6,558.8*
|
65/47,724.6*
|
0.53
|
0.21, 1.31
|
Moderate
|
Too low
|
Colhoun et al., 2009a [5]
|
Glargine plus non-glargine insulin users
|
Non-glargine insulin users
|
0/NR
|
29/9,667*
|
NE
|
NE
|
High
|
Too low
|
Colhoun et al., 2009b***** [5]
|
Glargine only users
|
Non-glargine insulin users
|
6/1,200*
|
29/9,667*
|
1.47
|
0.59, 3.64
|
High
|
Too low
|
Currie et al., 2009b***** [6]
|
Glargine users
|
Non-glargine insulin users
|
10/2,245*
|
38/8,102*
|
0.86
|
0.42, 1.75
|
Moderate
|
Too low
|
Fagot et al., 2013a***** [47]
|
Glargine users
|
Other int-/long-acting insulin only users
|
114/42,129*
|
40/14,082*
|
1.08
|
0.72, 1.62
|
High
|
Too low
|
Habel et al., 2013a**** * [51]
|
Glargine users
|
NPH insulin users
|
52/10,614.8
|
217/60,868.1
|
1.3
|
1.0, 1.8
|
Moderate
|
Too low
|
Habel et al., 2013b [51]
|
Glargine only users
|
NPH insulin users
|
33/6,402.4
|
217/60,868.1
|
1.3
|
0.9, 2.0
|
Moderate
|
Too low
|
Habel et al., 2013c [51]
|
Glargine and NPH insulin users
|
NPH insulin users
|
19/4,212.5
|
217/60,868.1
|
1.3
|
0.8, 2.0
|
Moderate
|
Too low
|
Kostev et al., 2012a***** [55]
|
Glargine users
|
NPH insulin users
|
NR
|
NR
|
0.93
|
0.68, 1.27
|
High
|
Too low
|
Lind et al., 2012a***** [56]
|
Glargine users
|
Non-glargine users
|
19/7,019.4
|
96/48,889.6*
|
1.54
|
0.90, 2.67
|
Moderate
|
Too low
|
Morden et al., 2011a [59]
|
Glargine plus non-glargine insulin users
|
Non-glargine insulin users
|
102/18,889*
|
333/65,294*
|
1.08
|
0.86, 1.36
|
High
|
Low
|
Morden et al., 2011b***** [59]
|
Glargine only users
|
Non-glargine insulin users
|
118/21,071*
|
333/65,294*
|
1.03
|
0.83, 1.29
|
High
|
Low
|
Ruiter et al., 2012a***** [64]
|
Glargine only users
|
Human insulin only users
|
11/6,875*
|
NR; IR=2.28*
|
1.65
|
1.10, 2.47
|
Moderate
|
Too low
|
Sturmer et al., 2013a **** [65]
|
Glargine users
|
NPH users
|
103/26,277
|
19/5,885
|
1.07
|
0.65, 1.75
|
Moderate
|
Too low
|
Suissa et al., 2011a***** [66]
|
Glargine users
|
Non-glargine insulin users
|
18/6,094
|
60/12,262
|
0.8
|
0.3, 2.1
|
Moderate
|
Too low
|
Pooled hazard ratio
|
Glargine
|
No glargine
| | |
1.04
|
0.91, 1.17
| | |
Glargine-no glargine: incidence rate ratio
|
Ljung et al., 2011a [57]
|
Glargine plus non-glargine insulin users
|
Non-glargine insulin users
|
59/25,033
|
283/101,419
|
1.04
|
0.77, 1.41
|
High
|
Low
|
Ljung et al., 2011b [57]
|
Glargine only users
|
Non-glargine insulin users
|
31/7,302
|
283/101,419
|
1.58
|
1.09, 2.29
|
High
|
Too low
|
Glargine-no glargine: odds ratio
|
Grimaldi-Bensouda et al., 2013a [49]
|
Glargine users
|
Non-glargine users
|
78/287
|
697/2,763*
|
1.04
|
0.76, 1.44
|
Low
|
Borderline
|
Grimaldi-Bensouda et al., 2013b [49]
|
Glargine users
|
Non-glargine insulin users
|
74/203
|
70/207
|
0.96
|
0.61, 1.53
|
Low
|
Too low
|
Grimaldi-Bensouda et al., 2013c [49]
|
Glargine users
|
Human insulin users
|
NR
|
NR
|
1.29
|
0.78, 2.13
|
Low
|
NE
|
Grimaldi-Bensouda et al., 2013d [49]
|
Glargine users
|
Aspart users
|
NR
|
NR
|
1.10
|
0.64, 1.89
|
Low
|
NE
|
Grimaldi-Bensouda et al., 2013e [49]
|
Glargine users
|
Lispro users
|
NR
|
NR
|
0.85
|
0.48, 1.50
|
Low
|
NE
|
Mannucci et al., 2010a [58]
|
Glargine users
|
Non-glargine insulin users
|
NR
|
NR
|
NE
|
NE
|
High
|
Too low
|
Determir-no determir: hazard ratio
|
Fagot et al., 2013b [47]
|
Determir users
|
Other int-/long-acting insulin only users
|
38/12,806*
|
116/43,131*
|
1.08
|
0.72, 1.62
|
High
|
Too low
|
Kostev et al., 2012b [55]
|
Detemir users
|
NPH insulin users
|
NR/789
|
NR/4,206
|
1.17
|
0.66, 2.06
|
High
|
Too low
|
Determir-no determir: incidence rate ratio
|
Dejgaard et al., 2009a [46]
|
Determir users
|
NPH users
|
1/2,252
|
0/1,420
|
NE
|
NE
|
Low
|
Too low
|
Dejgaard et al., 2009b [46]
|
Determir users
|
Glargine users
|
1/917
|
3/628
|
NR
|
NR
|
Low
|
Too low
|
Aspart-no aspart: odds ratio
|
Grimaldi-Bensouda et al., 2013f [55]
|
Aspart users
|
Non-aspart users
|
54/241
|
721/2,809*
|
0.95
|
0.64, 1.40
|
Low
|
Borderline
|
Lispro-no lispro: odds ratio
|
Grimaldi-Bensouda et al., 2013g [49]
|
Lispro users
|
Non-lispro users
|
46/133
|
729/2,917*
|
1.23
|
0.79, 1.92
|
Low
|
Borderline
|
Human insulin-no human insulin: hazard ratio
|
Fagot et al., 2013c [47]
|
Basal human insulin users
|
Other int-/long-acting insulin only users
|
15/5,813*
|
139/50,948*
|
1.03
|
0.56, 1.88
|
High
|
Too low
|
Gu et al., 2013 [50]
|
Human insulin users
|
No insulin users
|
4/6,188*
|
14/10,435*
|
0.33
|
0.10, 1.13
|
Moderate
|
Too low
|
Ruiter et al., 2012b [64]
|
Non-glargine insulin users
|
Human insulin only users
|
31/15,578*
|
NR; IR=2.28*
|
0.99
|
0.81, 1.20
|
Moderate
|
Too low
|
Human insulin-no human insulin: odds ratio
|
Grimaldi-Bensouda et al., 2013h [49]
|
Human insulin users
|
Non-human insulin users
|
59/260
|
716/2,790*
|
0.81
|
0.55, 1.20
|
Low
|
Borderline
|