Fig. 5

IL-13 signaling induces expression of the metastasis suppressor TP63 and impairs cancer cell migration. a Heatmap showing the expression pattern, in all biological groups, of the 52 differentially expressed genes (35 upregulated and 17 downregulated) between MIV-Luc-shSCR (− IL-13) cells and MIV-Luc-shIL13Rα2#2 (+ IL-13, 20 ng/ml) cells. Values are expressed as log₂-transformed. b Real-time PCR analysis for the validation of TP63, CFI, GPX2, SERPINB13, MLLT3, and CXCL17 gene expression pattern. *P < 0.05, ***P < 0.001. c-i Western blotting analysis to assess the protein expression pattern of TP63 in the above-described conditions in MIV cells. c-ii Real-time PCR analysis was performed to measure TP63 mRNA levels in SUM159-shSCR or SUM159-shIL13Rα2#2 cells in the presence or absence of 20 ng/ml IL-13 for 24 h. *P < 0.05, ***P < 0.001. d Transwell migration assays to quantify the migratory potential of MIV-Luc-shSCR and MIV-Luc-shIL13Rα2#2 cells in the presence or absence of 20 ng/ml IL-13 for 48 h. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001. IL-13 interleukin-13, PCR polymerase chain reaction, shIL13Rα2 small hairpin RNA against interleukin-13 receptor alpha 2, shSCR scrambled small hairpin RNA, TP63 tumor protein p63