From: Can the breast screening appointment be used to provide risk assessment and prevention advice?
 | Relative risk at extremes | Gail | Claus | BRCAPRO Ford | Tyrer-Cuzick | BOADICEA |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Prediction | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Personal information | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Age (20 to 70) | 30 (20 versus 70) | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Body mass index/weight gain | 2 (loss versus gain from 30) [49] | No | No | No | Yes | No |
Alcohol intake | 1.28 [28] (0 versus 4 units) daily | No | No | No | No | No |
Hormonal/reproductive factors | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Age of menarche | 1.5 (<10 versus >16) [57] | Yes | No | No | Yes | No |
Age of first live birth | 3 (>35 versus <19) [58] | Yes | No | No | Yes | No |
Age of menopause | 2 (>55 versus <40) [57] | No | No | No | Yes | No |
Hormone replacement therapy use | 2 (combined for 10Â years current versus never) [59] | No | No | No | Yes | No |
Oral contraceptive pill use | 1.24 (current versus never) [60] | No | No | No | No | No |
Breast feeding | 0.8 (>4Â years versus none) [61] | No | No | No | No | No |
Plasma oestrogen | 6 [62] | No | No | No | No | No |
Personal breast disease | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Breast biopsies | 2 [63] | Yes | No | No | Yes | No |
Atypical ductal hyperplasia | 4 [63] | Yes | No | No | Yes | No |
Lobular carcinoma in situ | 4 [63] | No | No | No | Yes | No |
Mammographic breast density | 6 [64] | Has been modelled in some studies | No | No | Yes | No |
Family history | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
First-degree relatives | 3.6 [65] (2 versus none in FDR) | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Second degree relatives | 1.5 [65] | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Third-degree relatives | Â | No | No | No | No | Yes |
Age of onset of breast cancer | 3 (<50 in sister versus none) [65] | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Bilateral breast cancer | 3 (<50 in FDR versus none) | No | No | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Ovarian cancer | 1.5 [26] | No | No | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Male breast cancer | 3 (<45Â years in daughters) [64] | No | No | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Genetic testing | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
BRCA1/2 | 15 | No | No | Yes | Yes | Yes |
SNPs | 10 (top 1Â % versus bottom 1Â % for 77 SNPs) [67] | Has been added in some studies | No | Soon | Soon | Soon |