Fig. 2

Proposed mechanisms of lobular carcinoma in situ progression to invasive breast cancer. Progression of lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS) to invasive breast cancer may be influenced by multiple factors, including cell-intrinsic changes, such as mutations, extrinsic factors from interaction with the microenvironment, changes within the myoepithelial cells (MEPs), and physical strain on the basement membrane components, exerted by LCIS within the lobule, causing cells to rupture the lobule. ILC, invasive lobular carcinoma