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Table 4 Multivariate Cox proportional hazards model for disease-free survival by immunohistochemical staining of ER, PR and HER2

From: Metformin increases survival in hormone receptor-positive, HER2-positive breast cancer patients with diabetes

 

Disease-free survival

Cancer-specific survival

P-value

Hazard ratio

95 % CI

P-value

Hazard ratio

95 % CI

Hormone receptor-positive, HER2-negative

Metformin

      

 Metformin

 

1

  

1

 

 Non-metformin versus metformin

0.340

1.35

0.73 to 2.47

0.072

1.92

0.94 to 3.90

 Non-DM versus metformin

0.484

0.85

0.54 to 1.34

0.64

0.87

0.50 to 1.54

Age, years

      

 ≤50

0.369

0.92

0.76 to 1.12

0.012

0.728

0.57 to 0.93

Body mass index, kg/m 2

      

 High

 

1

  

1

 

 Low versus high

0.034

1.62

1.04 to 2.54

0.009

2.11

1.20 to 3.68

 Normal versus high

0.772

0.97

0.80 to 1.18

0.87

0.98

0.76 to 1.26

Tumor stage

      

 T ≥2

<0.001

2.10

1.73 to 2.54

<0.001

2.44

1.88 to 3.16

Node stage

      

 Node-positive

<0.001

2.13

1.76 to 2.58

<0.001

2.92

2.25 to 3.80

Hormone receptor-positive, HER2-positive

Metformin

      

 Metformin

 

1

  

1

 

 Non-metformin versus metformin

0.002

5.37

1.88 to 15.28

0.001

6.51

2.06 to 20.55

 Non-DM versus metformin

0.648

1.23

0.50 to 3.02

0.502

1.41

0.52 to 3.84

Age, years

      

 ≤50

0.120

0.79

0.59 to 1.06

0.006

0.623

0.45 to 0.87

Body mass index, kg/m 2

      

 High

 

1

  

1

 

 Low versus high

0.050

2.15

1.00 to 4.63

0.446

1.50

0.53 to 4.30

 Normal versus high

0.053

1.41

1.00 to 1.99

0.085

1.41

0.95 to 2.09

Tumor stage

      

 T ≥2

<0.001

1.81

1.33 to 4.27

0.004

1.72

1.19 to 2.47

Node stage

      

 Node-positive

<0.001

2.22

1.64 to 3.02

0.000

2.85

1.97 to 4.13

Hormone receptor-negative, HER2-positive

Metformin

      

 Metformin

 

1

  

1

 

 Non-metformin versus metformin

0.897

1.07

0.39 to 2.95

0.452

0.61

0.16 to 2.24

 Non-DM versus metformin

0.310

0.72

0.38 to 1.36

0.156

0.61

0.31 to 1.21

Age, years

      

 ≤50

0.310

1.17

0.89 to 1.54

0.385

1.15

0.84 to 1.57

Body mass index, kg/m 2

      

 High

 

1

  

1

 

 Low versus high

0.06

1.81

0.98 to 3.35

0.189

1.63

0.79 to 3.38

 Normal versus high

0.615

0.93

0.68 to 1.25

0.471

0.88

0.63 to 1.24

Tumor stage

      

 T ≥2

<0.001

1.98

1.45 to 2.71

<0.001

2.39

1.63 to 3.51

Node stage

      

 Node-positive

<0.001

3.03

2.24 to 4.11

<0.001

3.94

2.71 to 5.72

Hormone receptor-negative, HER2-negative

Metformin

      

 Metformin

 

1

  

1

 

 Non-metformin versus metformin

0.311

1.62

0.64 to 4.12

0.329

1.66

0.60 to 4.56

 Non-DM versus metformin

0.89

1.05

0.50 to 2.24

0.867

1.07

0.47 to 2.42

Age, years

      

 ≤50

0.350

1.13

0.88 to 1.44

0.989

1.00

0.76 to 1.32

Body mass index, kg/m 2

      

 High

 

1

  

1

 

 Low versus high

0.993

1.00

0.54 to 1.83

0.629

1.17

0.62 to 2.23

 Normal versus high

0.750

1.04

0.81 to 1.34

0.583

1.08

0.82 to 1.43

Tumor stage, cm

      

 T ≥2

<0.001

1.62

1.26 to 2.08

<0.001

1.76

1.32 to 2.34

Node stage

      

 Node-positive

<0.001

2.25

1.78 to 2.84

<0.001

2.45

1.88 to 3.19

  1. HER2, human epidermal growth factor receptor-2. DM, diabetes mellitus
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Breast Cancer Research

ISSN: 1465-542X

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