Dysregulation of microRNAs in breast cancer and their potential role as prognostic and predictive biomarkers in patient management

Table 1 List of major oncogenic microRNAs in breast cancer

miRNA	Target	Function	Number of samples ^a	Reference
miR-10b	HOXD10	Promotes cell migration, invasion and metastasis	n = 23	[8,16,17]
miR-21	PDCD4, HIF1A	Promotes invasion, metastasis, migration and EMT	Cell culture study	[18,19,22]
	TPM1, PTEN, PDCD4	Promotes invasion	n = 17	[20]
	TIMP3	Promotes invasion	n = 32	[21]
miR-155	SOCS1	Promotes cell growth and proliferation	n = 15	[23]
	TP53INP1	Promotes proliferation	Cell culture study	[24]
	FOXO3	Promotes proliferation and survival	n = 115	[25]
miR-373	CD44	Promotes cell migration and invasion	n = 11	[26]
miR-373	CD44	Promotes invasion and metastasis	Cell culture study	[27]
miR-520c	CD44	Promotes cell migration, invasion and metastasis	n = 11	[26]

MetastamiRs are indicated in bold. ^aWhen applying more than one reference, we focused on the study with the most relevant number of investigated patient samples. The other studies serve as validation and confirm the results. EMT, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition; FOXO3, forkhead box protein O3; HIF1A, hypoxia-inducible factor-1α; HOXD10, homeobox D10; miRNA, microRNA; PDCD4, programmed cell death protein 4; PTEN, phosphatase and tensin homolog; SOCS1, suppressor of cytokine signaling 1; TIMP3, metalloproteinase inhibitor 3; TM1, tropomyosine 1; TP53INP, tumor protein p53 inducible nuclear protein.

ISSN: 1465-542X