Coffee and tea consumption and risk of pre- and postmenopausal breast cancer in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort study

Table 5 Cross-classified coffee intake and risk of postmenopausal breast cancer ^a

		Decaffeinated coffee
Caffeinated coffee		No consumption	Consumption
No consumption	Number of postmenopausal breast cancers/Number of participants	568/21239	287/9810
No consumption	Adjusted hazard ratio (95%CI)^c	0.89 (0.77-1.04)	0.97 (0.82-1.14)
Low consumption^b	Number of postmenopausal breast cancers/Number of participants	625/20480	601/29716
	Adjusted hazard ratio (95%CI)^c	0.88 (0.77-1.02)	1.00
Moderate consumption^b	Number of postmenopausal breast cancers/Number of participants	836/27498	588/22347
Moderate consumption^b	Adjusted hazard ratio (95%CI)^c	0.84 (0.74-0.97)	0.95 (0.83-1.08)
High consumption^b	Number of postmenopausal breast cancers/Number of participants	540 19561	630/25632
High consumption^b	Adjusted hazard ratio (95%CI)^c	0.82 (0.71-0.95)	0.98 (0.87-1.11)

^aIncludes 176,373 participants with complete data on type of coffee intake, that is, France (n = 48,101), Germany (n = 27,411), Greece (n = 3,125), Italy (n = 11,737), Netherlands (n = 26,866), Spain (n = 6,589), and United Kingdom (52,544). Participants from Norway and Sweden are all non- consumers of decaffeinated coffee and were excluded. ^bThe cut-off values are based on country specific tertiles. ^cIncludes only postmenopausal breast cancers. Model is stratified by study center and age at recruitment, and adjusted for age at menarche, ever use of oral contraceptives, age at first delivery, breastfeeding, menopausal status, ever use of postmenopausal hormones, smoking, education, physical activity level, alcohol intake, height, weight, energy intake from fat sources, energy intake from non-fat sources, saturated fat intake, fruits and vegetable intake, and tea intake. CI, confidence interval.

ISSN: 1465-542X