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Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the participants by case–control status

From: Digital mammographic density and breast cancer risk: a case–control study of six alternative density assessment methods

 

Controls (n = 685)

Cases (n = 414)

Age, years at mammography

Mean (SD)

59.5 (6.6)

67.5 (12.7)

Missing, n

6

 

2

 

Ethnicity

White, n (%)

520 (76.5)

 

370 (90.5)

 

Other, n (%)

160 (23.5)

 

39 (9.5)

 

Missing, n

5

 

5

 

Educational level

None, n (%)

15 (2.2)

 

10 (3.7)

 

Primary, n (%)

20 (3.0)

 

7 (2.6)

 

Secondary, n (%)

297 (43.9)

 

186 (68.4)

 

University, n (%)

344 (50.9)

 

69 (25.4)

 

Missing, n

9

 

142

 

Body mass index at mammography a , kg/m 2

Mean (SD)

26.1 (5.6)

 

26.4 (4.9)

 

Missing, n

29

 

46

 

Age at menarche, yrs

<12, n (%)

141 (21.0)

 

81 (21.3)

 

12, n (%)

130 (19.4)

 

78 (20.5)

 

13, n (%)

168 (25.0)

 

87 (22.8)

 

14+, n (%)

232 (34.6)

 

135 (35.4)

 

Missing, n

14

 

33

 

Menopausal status at mammography b

Pre- and perimenopausal, n (%)

91 (13.3)

 

55 (13.3)

 

Postmenopausal, n (%)

591 (86.7)

 

358 (86.7)

 

Missing, n

3

 

1

 

Ever use of oral contraceptives

Yes, n (%)

472 (70.5)

 

216 (55.2)

 

No, n (%)

198 (29.6)

 

175 (44.8)

 

Missing, n

15

 

23

 

Ever use of hormonal therapy

Yes, n (%)

208 (31.2)

 

143 (36.8)

 

No, n (%)

459 (68.8)

 

246 (63.2)

 

Missing, n

18

 

25

 

Nulliparity

No, n (%)

467 (69.1)

 

343 (84.1)

 

Yes, n (%)

209 (30.9)

 

65 (15.9)

 

Missing, n

9

 

6

 

Number of children c , n (%)

1 to 2

301 (65.4)

 

218 (64.9)

 

2 to 3

126 (27.4)

 

105 (31.3)

 

5+

33 (7.2)

 

13 (3.9)

 

Age at first birth, yrs c , n (%)

<20

83 (18.1)

 

25 (7.7)

 

20 to 30

258 (56.3)

 

213 (65.7)

 

30+

117 (25.6)

 

86 (26.5)

 

Ever breastfed c , n (%)

Yes

358 (77.2)

 

224 (74.7)

 

No

106 (22.8)

 

76 (25.3)

 
  1. aBody mass index estimated from self-reported height and weight as weight/height2 (in kg/m2). bPostmenopausal women defined as those who self-reported natural (that is, cessation of menses for at least 12 months) or surgical menopause, were older than 55 years, or ever used hormone replacement therapy. Due to small numbers pre- (that is, younger than 55 years and still having regular periods) and perimenopausal (that is, younger than 55 years and having irregular periods) women were combined into a single category. cRestricted to ever-parous women.