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Table 2 Participant characteristics and their associations with early-onset and late-onset lymphedema

From: Risk factors for self-reported arm lymphedema among female breast cancer survivors: a prospective cohort study

Characteristics

Categories

Early LE/ at risk

Late LE/ at risk

Early-onset LE HR (95% CI)a

Late-onset LE HR (95% CI)a

Pfor interactionb

Breast cancer and treatment

      

Age at diagnosis (years)

35-44

18/123

25/105

1.00

1.00

 

45-49

22/128

21/106

1.19 (0.63 - 2.24)

0.83 (0.46 - 1.51)

 

50-54

29/175

17/146

1.19 (0.65 - 2.17)

0.51 (0.27 - 0.96)

 

55-59

20/128

15/108

1.04 (0.54 - 2.00)

0.59 (0.31 - 1.12)

 

60-64

16/112

7/96

1.03 (0.50 - 2.10)

0.31 (0.13 - 0.74)

0.15

Per unit of age

  

1.00 (0.97 - 1.03)

0.95 (0.92 - 0.98)

0.02

   

P trend = 0.91

P trend = 0.002

 

Surgery type

Partial/less than total mastectomy/surgery, NOS

57/442

51/385

1.00

1.00

 

Total mastectomy/modified radical mastectomy

48/224

34/176

1.41 (0.95 - 2.09)

1.32 (0.84 - 2.06)

0.82

Number of excised lymph nodes

0

5/143

4/138

0.20 (0.08 - 0.51)

0.13 (0.05 - 0.37)

 

1-9c

19/162

13/143

0.57 (0.34 - 0.95)

0.36 (0.20 - 0.65)

 

10+

81/361

68/280

1.00

1.00

0.44

Per lymph node

  

1.04 (1.01 - 1.06)

1.06 (1.03 - 1.09)

0.20

   

P trend = 0.003

P trend <0.001

 

Chemotherapy

No

47/413

36/366

1.00

1.00

 

Yes

58/253

49/195

1.28 (0.86 - 1.91)

1.77 (1.13 - 2.78)

0.27

Sociodemographic factors

      

Race/ethnicity

Non-Hispanic white (NM, WW)

50/371

38/321

1.00

1.00

 

Black (LA)

45/226

37/181

1.08 (0.70 - 1.65)

1.26 (0.79 - 2.02)

 

Hispanic white (NM)

10/69

10/59

0.90 (0.45 - 1.78)

1.24 (0.61 - 2.50)

0.77

Health-related factors

      

Body mass index prior to diagnosis (kg/m2)

<25

37/306

33/269

1.00

1.00

 

25-29.9

36/220

31/184

1.24 (0.78 - 1.98)

1.25 (0.76 - 2.06)

 

30+

32/140

21/108

1.64 (1.00 - 2.67)

1.52 (0.87 - 2.66)

0.97

Per unit of BMI

  

1.03 (1.00 - 1.07)

1.04 (1.00 - 1.08)

0.91

   

P trend = 0.05

P trend = 0.07

 

Hypertension

No

63/468

59/405

1.00

1.00

 

Yes

42/198

26/156

1.65 (1.08 - 2.54)

1.30 (0.80 - 2.13)

0.44

  1. aHR is adjusted for all the other variables in the table. bP value for interaction between a characteristic and timing of lymphedema onset (early versus late) is derived from a likelihood ratio test. c‘1 to 9’ category includes ‘at least one lymph node removed’. LE, lymphedema; HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval; NOS, not otherwise specified; NM, New Mexico; WW, Western Washington; LA, Los Angeles County; BMI, body mass index.
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Breast Cancer Research

ISSN: 1465-542X

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