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Table 2 Odds ratios for breast cancer associated with smoking variables stratified by SULT1A1 genotype

From: SULT1A1 genotype, active and passive smoking, and breast cancer risk by age 50 years in a German case–control study

 

SULT1A1*1/*1 genotype

SULT1A1*2 allele carriera

Variable

Cases (n = 198)

Controls (n = 374)

ORb (95% CI)

Cases (n = 221)

Controls (n = 510)

ORb (95% CI)

Never active

86

159

1 (ref)

88

209

1 (ref)

Ever active

112

215

0.92 (0.63–1.34)

133

301

1.01 (0.73–1.42)

Never active/passivec, d

20

56

1 (ref)

19

57

1 (ref)

Former active

44

94

1.23 (0.64–2.36)

59

157

1.11 (0.60–2.06)

Current active

68

121

1.44 (0.76–2.71)

74

144

1.51 (0.82–2.78)

Average cigarettes per dayc, e

>0–9

42

106

1.06 (0.55–2.03)

52

154

0.99 (0.54–1.84)

10–19

56

73

2.12 (1.10–4.07)

60

99

1.75 (0.94–3.25)

20+

14

34

1.05 (0.45–2.46)

20

48

1.09 (0.51–2.32)

Duration of smokingc, d

1–15 years

36

80

1.19 (0.61–2.34)

46

145

0.97 (0.52–1.82)

16+ years

76

135

1.44 (0.77–2.69)

87

156

1.62 (0.89–2.95)

Age at first cigarettec, d

9–15 years

21

47

1.09 (0.51–2.35)

20

63

0.84 (0.40–1.79)

16–18 years

56

109

1.33 (0.70–2.52)

70

145

1.42 (0.77–2.62)

19+ years

35

59

1.51 (0.75–3.05)

43

93

1.42 (0.74–2.72)

Pack-yearsc, e

>0–10

59

129

1.22 (0.65–2.27)

76

191

1.15 (0.64–2.07)

11+

53

84

1.77 (0.91–3.42)

56

110

1.43 (0.77–2.67)

Passive smokingf

No

20

57

1 (ref)

19

57

1 (ref)

Yes

66

102

1.69 (0.89–3.21)

69

152

1.40 (0.74–2.64)

Duration of passive exposure in adulthoodf, g, h

1–13 years

29

40

1.91 (0.91–4.00)

33

70

1.47 (0.72–2.98)

14+ years

32

47

1.66 (0.79–3.48)

29

61

1.47 (0.70–3.10)

Cumulative lifetime exposure (in hours/day-years)f, g, i

1–55

22

49

1.13 (0.52–2.38)

37

76

1.76 (0.89–3.50)

56+

43

52

2.12 (1.06–4.25)

32

71

1.39 (0.68–2.83)

  1. aIncludes SULT1A1*1/*2 and SULT1A1*2/*2 genotypes. bOdds ratios (ORs) stratified for age by 5-year intervals; additional adjustment was made for first-degree family history (yes/no), breastfeeding (total number of months) and body mass index (weight [kg]/ height [m]2) as continuous variables, parity (0, 1–2, 3+ children), alcohol consumption (0, 1–18, 19+ g/day), menopausal status (premenopausal, postmenopausal, unknown) and education (low, intermediate, high) as categorical variables. cReference group comprises never active/never passive smokers; category of passive smokers included in the models. dData missing for one control individual. eData missing for three control individuals and one case. fEver active smokers are excluded from the analysis; reference group consists of women not exposed to passive smoke. gDichotomization according to median of nonsmoking control individuals. hCategory of subjects only exposed during childhood is included in the model. iSum of hours/day-years for the sources partner, work and childhood, whereby childhood hours/day-years were divided by the number of smokers to avoid overlapping of exposures; data missing for one case and six control individuals.