Figure 9From: Membrane estrogen receptor-α levels in MCF-7 breast cancer cells predict cAMP and proliferation responsesPossible negative feedback effects of estrogen-activated cAMP-PKA (protein kinase A) pathway on the estrogen-activated Ras-Raf-MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) pathway of cell proliferation. The up arrow indicates a cAMP increase. AC, adenylyl cyclase; E2, 17β-estradiol; ERK, extracellular signal-regulated kinase; MEK, MAPK kinase.Back to article page