Figure 2

The ErbB signaling pathway. Ligand binding induces dimerization, leading to activation of the intracellular tyrosine kinase. Upon auto-phosphorylation and cross-phosphorylation of the receptor complex, key downstream effectors are recruited. FasL, Fas ligand; FKHR, forkhead in rhabdomyosarcoma; Grb, growth factor receptor-bound protein; GSK, glycogen synthase kinase; MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase; MEK, MAPK kinase; mTOR, molecular target of rapamycin; PI3K, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; PTEN, phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10; SOS, son-of-sevenless guanine nucleotide exchange factor.