Phyto-oestrogen | Cellular effect | Proposed mechanism |
---|---|---|
Cell culture studies | Â | Â |
   Genistein | Growth inhibition | ↓EGF receptor activity [23] |
 |  | Induction of cell differentiation [43] |
 |  | ↓AP-1 activity, ↓ERK phosphorylation [58] |
 |  | ↑p21WAF1 [59] |
 |  | ↑TGF-β synthesis [75] |
 | Induction of apoptosis | ↑Bax, ↑p53 [67] |
   Biochanin A | Growth inhibition | ↓ER |
   Resveratrol | Growth inhibition | ↓NF-κB activation [39] |
 |  | |
   (-)-Epigallocatechin | Induction of apoptosis | ↓Bcl-2, ↑Bax [70] |
   Epigallocatechin-3 gallate | Growth inhibition | ↓Her-2/neu signalling [71] |
Rodent models | Â | Â |
   Genistein | Mammary tumour suppression | Induction of terminal differentiation [38] |
   Resveratrol | Mammary tumour suppression | ↓NF-κB activation [39] |
   Soy isoflavone extract | Mammary tumour suppression | ↓ER-α, ↓PR [42] |
   Isoflavone mix | Reduced metastases |