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Table 1 Summary of homeobox gene expression and function in mammary gland development and neoplasia

From: Homeobox genes in mammary gland development and neoplasia

Gene

Gene

Expression

 

Expression altered in

 

Mammary or in vitro

 

family

namea

detected inb:

Methodc

neoplasias ?

Possible regulation?

phenotype?

Reference

Hox/HOX

Hoxa-1

MG (UD)

RT-PCR; Northern

OE (freq.)

Extracellular matrix

 

[31*,33*]

  

Scp2, CID-9

  

components

  
 

HOXA-1

MCF7

RT-PCR

 

Retinoic acid

 

[63,30]

 

Hoxa-5

CID-9

RT-PCR

   

[33*]

 

Hoxa-7

MG

RT-PCR

   

[31*]

 

HOXA-7

MG

RT-PCR

   

1

 

Hoxa-9

MG

RT-PCR

  

KO: lactational defects

[38*]

 

HOXA-10

MCF7

RT-PCR

 

Vitamin D

OE in MCF7: promotes cell cycle

[30,64]

      

arrest at G1

 
 

Hoxb-6

MG

RT-PCR; Northern

Lost

  

[31*]

 

HOXB-6

MCF7

RT-PCR

   

[30]

 

Hoxb-7

MG (E+S)

Northern; in situ

UE

Extracellular matrix

OE in SkBr3 cells: bFGF induction;

[33*,57]

     

components; developmental

increased proliferation; decreased

 
      

growth factor dependency

 
 

Hoxb-8

CID-9

RT-PCR

   

[33*]

 

Hoxb-9

CID-9 E12.5

RT-PCR; in situ

  

KO: lactational defects

[33*,38]

  

Embryo (MM)

     
 

Hoxc-6

MG

Northern

Lost

Estrogen (-); developmental

 

[31]

 

HOXC-6

MCF7; MCF7D;

cDNA screen;

 

Variable

 

[57,65]

  

Hs578Bst;

RT-PCR

    
  

MCF10F; T47D

     
 

Hoxc-8

MG

Northern

Lost

Estrogen (-); developmental

 

[32]

 

HOXC-10

MG

PCR of cDNA library

   

2

 

Hoxd-3

MG (UD)

Northern

OE (rarely)

  

[32]

 

Hoxd-4

MG (E)

In situ

Lost

  

[32]

 

Hoxd-8

MG

Northern

Lost

Developmental

 

[32]

 

Hoxd-9

MG (E+S);

RT-PCR;

Lost

Developmental

KO: lactational defects

[32,38]

  

E12.5 Embryo

Northern; in situ

    
  

(MM)

     
 

Hoxd-10

MG (E+S)

Northern; in situ

Lost

Developmental

KO: lactational defects

[32,39];2

 

Hoxd-11

MG (UD)

Northern

No

  

[32]

 

Hord-12

MG

RT-PCR;

OE (myc tumor)

  

[31*]

   

Northern (UD)

    

Msx

Msx-1

E13.5 Embryo (E);

Northern; in situ

Maintained but variable

Developmental

KO: none detected in embryos

[40*,41*]

  

MG (E)

     
 

Msx-2

E13.5 Embryo (E);

Northern; in situ

Lost

Estrogen; developmental

KO: MG fail to form

[40*];3

  

MG (S)

     

Iroquois related

IRX-1

MG

RT-PCR

   

[48*]

 

IRx-2

MG; primary

RT-PCR; Northern;

Maintained, expression

Developmental

 

[48*]

  

tumors

in situ

levels or splice form

   
    

usage may be altered

   
    

in some tumors

   
 

IRX-3

MG

RT-PCR

   

[48*]

 

IRX-4

MG

RT-PCR

   

[48*]

 

IRX-5

MG

RT-PCR

   

[48*]

Paired domain

Alx-4

MG(S)

In situ

 

Expression associated with

KO: none detected

[45]

     

actively condensing periductal

  
     

stroma

  

HSIX

HSIX-1

MCF7

 

OE

Expressed in S phase

OE in MCF7 abolishes X-ray induced

[58*]

     

of cell cycle

cell cycle arrest in G2 phase

 

POU domain

OCT-1

MCF7; MCF10;

RT-PCR;

   

[54]

  

SkBr3;MDA-

Western EMSA

    
  

MB453

     
 

Oct-1

MG (lact.)

RT-PCR

   

[53]

 

OCT-2

MCF7; MCF10;

     
  

SkBr3

RT-PCR;

   

[54]

   

Western EMSA

    
 

OCT-3

MG (UD); MCF7;

RT-PCR

OE (freq.)

 

Form with a 5 amino acid deletion

[54]

  

MCF10; SkBr3;

   

detected om MCF7 cell

 
  

primary tumors

     
 

Oct-3

MG (lact.)

RT-PCR

   

[53]

 

OCT-11

MG (UD) MCF7;

RT-PCR; EMSA

OE (freq.)

  

[54]

  

skBr3; MDA-

     
  

MB453; primary

     
  

tumors

     
 

Pit-rs 1

MG (lact.)

RT-PCR

   

[53]

 

Pou4f1 = Brn-3

MG (lact.)

RT-PCR

   

[53]

 

Pou4f-rs1 =

MG (lact.)

RT-PCR

   

[53]

 

Brn-3R

      
 

Pou3f4 = Brn-4

MG (lact.)

RT-PCR

   

[53]

 

Pou3f-rs1 =

MG (lact.)

RT-PCR

   

[53]

 

POU-IIIA

      

Engrailed related

En-1

MG

Northern

UE (freq.)

Developmental

 

[32]

 

En-2

MG (UD)

Northern

UD

 

KO: none detechted

[32]

MOX

MOX1

MG

    

[52]

MEIS

MEIS2a

MG

RT-PCR of cDNA library

  

4

 

MEIS 2d

MG

RT-PCR of cDNA library

  

4

 

MRG1a

MG

RT-PCR of cDNA library

  

4

  1. bFGF, basic fibroblast growth factor; E, epithelium; EMSA, electrophoretic mobility shift assay; freq., frequently; KO, knockout mutation; lact., lactating; M, mammary mesenchyme; MG mammary gland; Northern, Northern blot assay; OE, overexpressed; RT-PCR, reverse transcriptase polymerase chain rection; S, periductal stroma; UD, undetectable; UE, underexpressed. aHuman genes are uppercase; mouse genes are lowercase. bCalle lines are listed by their common designation. If expression was detected in the intact mammary gland, the tissue compartment is shown. cNot all detection techniques have been used on all tissue types/cell lines shown. 1Friedmann Y, Daniel CW, unpublished results; 2Lewis MT, Daniel CW, unpublished results; 3Maas R, unpublished results, cited in [41]; 4Lewis MT, unpublished results.