Model | Pathway | Effect | References |
---|---|---|---|
APC cKO | B-Catenin | Demonstrated high activation of β-catenin signaling in thesetumors. | [65] |
APC cKO | Myc | High levels of Myc demonstrated by IHC in these mammary tumors. | [65] |
BRCA & P53 mut | EGFR | Using IHC, EGFR was shown to be overexpressed in this mouse model. | [68] |
DMBA | Ras | Observation of H-Ras mutations in mammary hyperplastic outgrowthsafter treatment with DMBA. | [69] |
DMBA | EGFR | Using western blot and IHC, EGFR signaling was shown to be active inDMBA induced mammary tumors. | [70] |
ETV6-Ntrk3 | Src | ETV6-Ntrk3 binds to and activates c-Src, and inhibition of c-Srcactivation blocks EN transforming activity using mouse engineeredmouse embryonic fibroblasts. | [71] |
Myc | Ras | Activating mutations in K-Ras found in a subset MMTV-Myc inducedtumors with a predicted elevation of Ras signalling. | [15] |
Myc | B-Catenin | IHC analysis demonstrates higher expression of B-Catenin in themicroacinar histology of Myc driven tumors. | [15] |
Myc | E2F1 E2F2 E2F3 | E2F loss altered tumor latency and Myc proliferative effects on themammary gland. | [20] |
Neu | Akt | Akt loss effects tumor development in the MMTV-Neu mouse model. | [72] |
Neu | B-Catenin | Using a beta-gal reporter, ß-catenin/TCF-dependent transcriptionwas shown to be elevated in MMTV-Neu mouse mammary glands. | [73] |
Notch | B-Catenin | Knocking down Notch in a human breast cancer cell line also impactedlevels of beta-catenin. | [74] |
PyMT | Tgfb | Blockade of TGF-beta inhibits mammary tumor metastasis. | [75] |
PyMT | Src | Loss of c-Src greatly reduced the occurrence of mammary tumors in theMMTV-PyMT mouse model. | [76] |
Tag | Ras | K-ras amplifications observed in large t-antigen mediatedtumorigeneis. | [77] |
Tag | E2F2 E2F3 RB KO | Large T Antigen simulates loss of Rb by leading to deregulatedacitvation of the E2F transcription factors. | [78] |
Wnt | p53 | MMTV-Wnt1 mammary tumors with mutant p53 exhibited a superior clinicalresponse compared to tumors with wild-type p53. | [79] |