Figure 1
From: Clinical development of mTOR inhibitors in breast cancer
mTOR pathway and actions. Schematic representation of the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway. mTOR complex (mTORC)1 is involved in mRNA translation and protein synthesis, glucose metabolism, lipid synthesis, and estrogen receptor (ER) phosphorylation and inhibits autophagy. mTORC2 functions in AKT phosphorylation on serine 473 and regulates the cellular actin cytoskeleton. 4E-BP1, eIF4E binding protein 1; AMPK, adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase; E, Estrogen; LKB1, liver kinase B1; MEK, mitogen activated protein kinase/extracellular signal regulated kinase; P, phosphorylated; raf, rat fibrosarcoma virus; Ras, rat sarcoma virus; S6K1, ribosomal protein S6 kinase; TSC1/2, tuberous sclerosis 1/2.