Table 6 Clinicopathologic characteristics of patients according to metabolic phenotype a
Parameters | Warburg type | Reverse Warburg | Mixed type | Null type | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(n= 298) (%) | type (n= 54) (%) | (n= 62) (%) | (n= 326) (%) | ||
Age (years, mean ± SD) | 48.5 ± 11.7 | 52.0 ± 10.2 | 51.3 ± 10.2 | 50.1 ± 10.5 | 0.052 |
Histologic grade | Â | Â | Â | Â | <0.001 |
 I/II | 169 (56.7) | 41 (75.9) | 23 (37.0) | 258 (79.1) |  |
 III | 129 (43.3) | 13 (24.1) | 39 (72.2) | 68 (20.9) |  |
Tumor stage | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.017 |
 T1 | 123 (41.3) | 29 (53.7) | 34 (54.8) | 172 (52.8) |  |
 T2/T3 | 175 (58.7) | 25 (46.3) | 28 (45.2) | 154 (47.2) |  |
Nodal stage | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.457 |
 N0 | 177 (59.3) | 27 (50.0) | 40 (64.5) | 192 (58.9) |  |
 N1/N2/N3 | 121 (40.6) | 27 (50.0) | 22 (35.5) | 134 (41.1) |  |
Estrogen receptor status | Â | Â | Â | Â | <0.001 |
 Negative | 152 (51.0) | 15 (27.8) | 39 (62.9) | 80 (24.5) |  |
 Positive | 146 (49.0) | 39 (72.2) | 23 (37.1) | 246 (75.5) |  |
Progesterone receptor status | Â | Â | Â | Â | <0.001 |
 Negative | 181 (60.7) | 22 (40.7) | 40 (64.5) | 129 (39.6) |  |
 Positive | 117 (39.3) | 32 (59.3) | 22 (35.5) | 197 (60.4) |  |
HER2 status | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.006 |
 Negative | 252 (84.6) | 36 (66.7) | 47 (75.8) | 248 (76.1) |  |
 Positive | 46 (15.4) | 18 (33.3) | 15 (24.2) | 78 (23.9) |  |
Molecular subtype | Â | Â | Â | Â | <0.001 |
 Luminal A | 91 (30.5) | 22 (40.7) | 12 (19.4) | 173 (53.1) |  |
 Luminal B | 58 (19.5) | 18 (33.3) | 13 (21.0) | 77 (23.6) |  |
 HER2 | 22 (7.4) | 7 (13.0) | 10 (16.1) | 30 (9.2) |  |
 Triple-negative | 127 (42.6) | 7 (13.0) | 27 (43.5) | 46 (14.1) |  |
ATP synthase in tumor | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.178 |
 Negative | 8 (2.7) | 1 (1.9) | 2 (3.2) | 19 (5.8) |  |
 Positive | 290 (97.3) | 53 (98.1) | 60 (96.8) | 307 (94.2) |  |
ATP synthase in stroma | Â | Â | Â | Â | <0.001 |
 Negative | 247 (82.9) | 29 (53.7) | 33 (53.2) | 261 (80.1) |  |
 Positive | 51 (17.1) | 25 (46.3) | 29 (46.8) | 65 (19.9) |  |
Glutaminase in tumor | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.512 |
 Negative | 84 (28.2) | 13 (24.1) | 17 (27.4) | 105 (32.2) |  |
 Positive | 214 (71.8) | 41 (75.9) | 45 (72.6) | 221 (67.8) |  |
Glutaminase in stroma | Â | Â | Â | Â | <0.001 |
 Negative | 206 (69.1) | 20 (37.0) | 29 (46.8) | 240 (73.6) |  |
 Positive | 92 (30.9) | 34 (63.0) | 33 (53.2) | 86 (26.4) |  |
Tumor mitochondrial status | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.217 |
 Dysfunctional | 94 (31.5) | 20 (37.0) | 26 (41.9) | 96 (29.4) |  |
 Functional | 204 (68.5) | 34 (63.0) | 36 (58.1) | 230 (70.6) |  |
Stroma mitochondrial status | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.055 |
 Dysfunctional | 13 (4.4) | 3 (5.6) | 8 (12.9) | 16 (4.9) |  |
 Functional | 285 (95.6) | 51 (94.4) | 54 (87.1) | 310 (95.1) |  |
Tumor autophagy status | Â | Â | Â | Â | <0.001 |
 Activated | 168 (56.4) | 28 (51.9) | 45 (72.6) | 117 (35.9) |  |
 Nonactivated | 130 (43.6) | 26 (48.1) | 17 (27.4) | 209 (64.1) |  |
Stroma autophagy status | Â | Â | Â | Â | <0.001 |
 Activated | 9 (3.0) | 11 (20.4) | 13 (21.0) | 21 (6.4) |  |
 Nonactivated | 289 (97.0) | 43 (79.6) | 49 (79.0) | 305 (93.6) |  |
MCT4 in tumor | Â | Â | Â | Â | <0.001 |
 Negative | 180 (60.4) | 38 (70.4) | 40 (64.5) | 282 (86.5) |  |
 Positive | 118 (39.6) | 16 (29.6) | 22 (35.5) | 44 (13.5) |  |
MCT4 in stroma | Â | Â | Â | Â | <0.001 |
 Negative | 157 (52.7) | 22 (40.7) | 20 (32.3) | 219 (67.2) |  |
 Positive | 141 (47.3) | 32 (59.3) | 42 (67.7) | 107 (32.8) |  |
Ki-67 LI (%, mean ± SD) | 24.6 ± 22.5 | 13.2 ± 11.1 | 25.2 ± 18.6 | 11.5 ± 14.1 | <0.001 |
 Tumor recurrence | 38 (12.8) | 6 (11.1) | 4 (6.5) | 21 (6.4) | 0.043 |
 Patient’s death | 36 (12.1) | 5 (9.3) | 6 (9.7) | 20 (6.1) | 0.081 |