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Table 5 Correlations between the expression of metabolism-related proteins and clinicopathologic parameters a

From: Metabolic interaction between cancer cells and stromal cells according to breast cancer molecular subtype

Parameters

Glut-1 in tumor

Glut-1 in stroma

CAIX in tumor

CAIX in stroma

   

Negative

Positive

 

Negative

Positive

 

Negative

Positive

 

Negative

Positive

    
 

(n= 504) (%)

(n= 236) (%)

P-value

(n= 724) (%)

(n= 16) (%)

P-value

(n= 520) (%)

(n= 220) (%)

P-value

(n= 627) (%)

(n= 113) (%)

P-value

   

Age (years, mean ± SD)

50.5 ± 10.7

48.1 ± 11.4

0.126

49.7 ± 110.0

49.3 ± 9.0

18.14

49.7 ± 11.0

49.8 ± 11.0

19.67

49.3 ± 11.1

51.7 ± 10.3

0.840

   

Histologic grade

  

<0.001

  

8.946

  

0.441

  

0.483

   

 I/II

392 (71.8)

99 (41.9)

 

482 (67.3)

9 (56.3)

 

359 (69.0)

132 (60.0)

 

427 (68.1)

64 (56.6)

    

 III

112 (22.2)

137 (58.1)

 

242 (33.4)

7 (43.7)

 

161 (31.0)

88 (40.0)

 

200 (31.9)

49 (43.4)

    

ER

  

<0.001

  

0.378

  

0.042

  

1.113

   

 Negative

128 (25.4)

158 (66.9)

 

275 (38.0)

11 (68.8)

 

182 (35.0)

104 (47.3)

 

233 (37.2)

53 (46.9)

    

 Positive

376 (74.6)

78 (33.1)

 

449 (62.0)

5 (31.2)

 

338 (65.0)

116 (52.7)

 

394 (62.8)

60 (53.1)

    

PR

  

<0.001

  

4.305

  

10.92

  

8.715

   

 Negative

190 (37.7)

182 (77.1)

 

361 (49.9)

11 (68.8)

 

257 (49.4)

115 (52.3)

 

311 (49.6)

61 (54.0)

    

 Positive

314 (62.3)

54 (22.9)

 

363 (50.1)

5 (31.2)

 

263 (50.6)

105 (47.7)

 

316 (50.4)

52 (46.0)

    

HER2

  

0.714

  

6.741

  

0.294

  

1.260

   

 Negative

386 (76.6)

197 (83.5)

 

572 (79.0)

11 (68.8)

 

397 (76.3)

186 (84.5)

 

502 (80.1)

81 (71.7)

    

 Positive

118 (23.4)

39 (16.5)

 

152 (21.0)

5 (31.2)

 

123 (23.7)

34 (15.5)

 

125 (19.9)

32 (28.3)

    

Tumor stage

  

<0.001

  

18.81

  

19.65

  

3.192

   

 T1

270 (53.6)

88 (37.3)

 

350 (48.3)

8 (50.0)

 

251 (48.3)

107 (48.6)

 

296 (47.2)

62 (54.9)

    

 T2/T3

234 (46.4)

148 (62.7)

 

374 (51.7)

8 (50.0)

 

269 (51.7)

113 (51.4)

 

331 (52.8)

51 (45.1)

    

Nodal stage

  

1.932

  

16.12

  

15.62

  

15.87

   

 N0

286 (56.7)

150 (63.6)

 

426 (58.8)

10 (62.5)

 

304 (58.5)

132 (60.0)

 

371 (59.2)

65 (57.5)

    

 N1/N2/N3

218 (43.3)

86 (36.4)

 

298 (41.2)

6 (37.5)

 

216 (41.5)

88 (40.0)

 

256 (40.8)

48 (42.5)

    

Ki-67 LI (%, mean ± SD)

12.7 ± 14.9

29.6 ± 22.1

<0.001

18.0 ± 19.3

22.5 ± 14.7

7.497

16.1 ± 17.5

22.7 ± 22.1

<0.001

17.8 ± 19.7

19.5 ± 16.7

8.505

   

Tumor recurrence

  

0.210

  

8.106

  

18.62

  

17.85

   

 Absent

467 (92.7)

204 (86.4)

 

655 (90.5)

16 (100.0)

 

471 (90.6)

200 (90.9)

 

568 (90.6)

103 (91.2)

    

 Present

37 (7.3)

32 (13.6)

 

69 (9.5)

0 (0.0)

 

49 (9.4)

20 (9.1)

 

59 (9.4)

10 (9.8)

    

Death

  

0.420

  

8.085

  

11.76

  

15.22

   

 Survival

467 (92.7)

206 (87.3)

 

657 (90.7)

16 (100.0)

 

475 (91.3)

198 (90.0)

 

571 (91.1)

102 (90.3)

    

 Death

37 (7.3)

30 (12.7)

 

67 (9.3)

0 (0.0)

 

45 (8.7)

22 (10.0)

 

56 (8.9)

11 (9.7)

    

Parameters

ATP synthase in tumor

ATP synthase in stroma

Glutaminase in tumor

Glutaminase in stroma

   
 

Negative

Positive

 

Negative

Positive

 

Negative

Positive

 

Negative

Positive

    
 

( n = 30) (%)

( n = 710) (%)

P -value

( n = 570) (%)

( n = 170) (%)

P -value

( n = 219) (%)

( n = 521) (%)

P -value

( n = 495) (%)

( n = 245) (%)

P -value

   

Age (years, mean ± SD)

46.7 ± 9.3

49.9 ± 11.0

2.478

49.5 ± 11.2

50.4 ± 10.0

7.539

49.2 ± 11.6

49.9 ± 10.7

11.90

49.5 ± 11.1

50.4 ± 10.7

5.124

   

Histologic grade

  

11.63

  

0.252

  

16.77

  

0.168

   

 I/II

22 (733)

469 (66.1)

 

392 (68.8)

99 (58.2)

 

147 (67.1)

344 (66.0)

 

345 (69.7)

146 (59.6)

    

 III

8 (26.7)

241 (33.9)

 

178 (31.2)

71 (41.8)

 

72 (32.9)

177 (34.0)

 

150 (30.3)

99 (40.4)

    

ER

  

1.827

  

1.533

  

4.536

  

0.126

   

 Negative

7 (23.3)

279 (39.3)

 

210 (36.8)

76 (44.7)

 

77 (35.2)

209 (40.1)

 

174 (35.2)

112 (45.7)

    

 Positive

23 (76.7)

431 (60.7)

 

360 (63.2)

94 (55.3)

 

142 (64.8)

312 (59.9)

 

321 (64.8)

133 (54.3)

    

PR

  

0.189

  

0.609

  

4.158

  

0.735

   

 Negative

8 (26.7)

364 (51.3)

 

274 (48.1)

98 (57.6)

 

102 (46.6)

270 (51.8)

 

235 (47.5)

137 (55.9)

    

 Positive

22 (73.3)

346 (48.7)

 

296 (51.9)

72 (42.4)

 

117 (53.4)

251 (48.2)

 

260 (52.5)

108 (44.1)

    

HER2

  

3.570

  

<0.001

  

13.08

  

3.822

   

 Negative

27 (90.0)

556 (78.3)

 

472 (82.8)

111 (65.3)

 

170 (77.6)

413 (79.3)

 

397 (80.2)

186 (75.9)

    

 Positive

3 (10.0)

154 (21.7)

 

98 (17.2)

59 (34.7)

 

49 (22.4)

108 (20.7)

 

98 (19.8)

59 (24.1)

    

Tumor stage

  

7.539

  

21.00

  

7.875

  

18.39

   

 T1

12 (40.0)

346 (48.7)

 

276 (48.4)

82 (48.2)

 

100 (45.7)

258 (49.5)

 

238 (48.1)

120 (49.0)

    

 T2/T3

18 (60.0)

364 (51.3)

 

294 (51.6)

88 (51.8)

 

119 (54.3)

263 (50.5)

 

257 (51.9)

125 (51.0)

    

Nodal stage

  

7.266

  

6.027

  

7.728

  

8.967

   

 N0

15 (50.0)

421 (59.3)

 

342 (60.0)

94 (55.3)

 

135 (61.6)

301 (57.8)

 

297 (60.0)

139 (56.7)

    

 N1/N2/N3

15 (50.0)

289 (40.7)

 

228 (40.0)

76 (44.7)

 

84 (38.4)

220 (42.2)

 

198 (40.0)

106 (43.3)

    

Ki-67 LI (%, mean ± SD)

9.8 ± 11.7

18.4 ± 19.4

0.336

17.3 ± 19.7

20.8 ± 17.5

0.798

18.6 ± 20.0

17.8 ± 18.9

13.50

15.6 ± 17.2

22.9 ± 22.0

0.021

   

Tumor recurrence

  

10.79

  

21.00

  

7.014

  

10.56

   

 Absent

26 (86.7)

645 (90.8)

 

517 (90.7)

154 (90.6)

 

195 (89.0)

476 (91.4)

 

446 (90.1)

225 (91.8)

    

 Present

4 (13.3)

65 (9.2)

 

53 (9.3)

16 (9.4)

 

24 (11.0)

45 (8.6)

 

49 (9.9)

20 (8.2)

    

Death

  

15.68

  

13.60

  

3.381

  

8.757

   

 Survival

27 (90.0)

646 (91.0)

 

520 (91.2)

153 (90.0)

 

194 (88.6)

479 (91.9)

 

447 (90.3)

226 (92.2)

    

 Death

3 (10.0)

64 (9.0)

 

50 (8.8)

17 (10.0)

 

25 (11.4)

42 (8.1)

 

48 (9.7)

19 (7.8)

    

Parameters

BNIP3 in tumor

BNIP3 in stroma

MCT4 in tumor

MCT4 in stroma

   

Negative

Positive

 

Negative

Positive

 

Negative

Positive

 

Negative

Positive

    
 

( n =504) (%)

( n = 236) (%)

P -value

( n = 700) (%)

( n = 40) (%)

P -value

( n = 540) (%)

( n = 200) (%)

P -value

( n = 418) (%)

( n = 322) (%)

P -value

   

Age (years, mean ± SD)

48.9 ± 10.9

51.6 ± 11.0

0.042

49.5 ± 10.8

53.2 ± 12.7

0.882

49.8 ± 11.1

49.6 ± 10.6

17.91

49.6 ± 11.0

49.5 ± 10.9

14.80

   

Histologic grade

  

5.859

  

15.37

  

<0.001

  

<0.001

   

 I/II

341 (67.7)

150 (63.6)

 

463 (66.1)

28 (70.0)

 

386 (71.5)

105 (52.5)

 

314 (75.1)

177 (55.0)

    

 III

163 (32.3)

86 (36.4)

 

237 (33.9)

12 (30.0)

 

154 (28.5)

95 (47.5)

 

104 (24.9)

145 (45.0)

    

ER

  

14.40

  

12.99

  

<0.001

  

<0.001

   

 Negative

192 (38.1)

94 (39.8)

 

269 (38.4)

17 (42.5)

 

174 (32.2)

112 (56.0)

 

123 (29.4)

163 (50.6)

    

 Positive

312 (61.9)

142 (60.2)

 

431 (61.6)

23 (57.5)

 

366 (67.8)

88 (44.0)

 

295 (70.6)

159 (49.4)

    

PR

  

17.07

  

8.757

  

<0.001

  

<0.001

   

 Negative

255 (50.6)

117 (49.6)

 

349 (49.9)

23 (57.5)

 

232 (43.0)

140 (70.0)

 

179 (42.8)

193 (60.0)

    

 Positive

249 (49.4)

119 (50.4)

 

351 (50.1)

17 (42.5)

 

308 (57.0)

60 (30.0)

 

239 (57.2)

129 (40.0)

    

HER2

  

4.410

  

6.762

  

11.42

  

<0.001

   

 Negative

404 (80.2)

179 (75.8)

 

554 (79.1)

29 (72.5)

 

422 (78.1)

161 (80.5)

 

356 (85.2)

227 (70.5)

    

 Positive

100 (19.8)

57 (24.2)

 

146 (20.9)

11 (27.5)

 

118 (21.9)

39 (19.5)

 

62 (14.8)

95 (29.5)

    

Tumor stage

  

1.449

  

15.66

  

<0.001

  

7.854

   

 T1

232 (46.0)

126 (53.4)

 

340 (48.6)

18 (45.0)

 

283 (52.4)

75 (37.5)

 

196 (46.9)

162 (50.3)

    

 T2/T3

272 (54.0)

110 (46.6)

 

360 (51.4)

22 (55.0)

 

257 (47.6)

125 (62.5)

 

222 (53.1)

160 (49.7)

    

Nodal stage

  

6.237

  

0.630

  

18.20

  

7.686

   

 N0

290 (57.5)

146 (61.9)

 

419 (59.9)

17 (42.5)

 

317 (58.7)

119 (59.5)

 

240 (57.4)

196 (60.9)

    

 N1/N2/N3

214 (42.5)

90 (38.1)

 

281 (40.1)

23 (57.5)

 

223 (41.3)

81 (40.5)

 

178 (42.6)

126 (39.1)

    

Ki-67 LI (%, mean ± SD)

18.9 ± 20.9

16.2 ± 15.0

1.680

18.3 ± 19.5

14.6 ± 13.7

5.208

15.3 ± 17.8

25.6 ± 21.0

<0.001

13.2 ± 16.5

24.3 ± 20.7

<0.001

   

Tumor recurrence

  

0.021

  

3.444

  

14.11

  

11.00

   

 Absent

445 (88.3)

226 (95.8)

 

632 (90.3)

39 (97.5)

 

491 (90.9)

180 (90.0)

 

376 (90.0)

295 (91.6)

    

 Present

59 (11.7)

10 (4.2)

 

68 (9.7)

1 (2.5)

 

49 (9.1)

20 (10.0)

 

42 (10.0)

27 (8.4)

    

Death

  

5.712

  

15.22

  

11.90

  

2.562

   

 Survival

454 (90.1)

219 (92.8)

 

636 (90.9)

37 (92.5)

 

493 (91.3)

180 (90.0)

 

374 (89.5)

299 (92.9)

    

 Death

50 (9.9)

17 (7.2)

 

64 (9.1)

3 (7.5)

 

47 (8.7)

20 (10.0)

 

44 (10.5)

23 (7.1)

    

Parameters

Cytoplasmic Beclin-1

Nuclear Beclin-1

LC3A in tumor

LC3A in stroma

   

Negative

Positive

 

Negative

Positive

 

Negative

Positive

 

Negative

Positive

    
 

( n = 406) (%)

( n = 334) (%)

P -value

( n = 666) (%)

( n = 74) (%)

P -value

( n = 669) (%)

( n = 71) (%)

P -value

( n = 687) (%)

( n = 53) (%)

P -value

   

Age (years, mean ± SD)

48.6 ± 10.5

51.1 ± 11.4

0.042

49.6 ± 11.1

50.8 ± 9.9

8.316

50.2 ± 11.0

45.6 ± 9.8

0.021

49.7 ± 11.0

49.6 ± 9.2

19.65

   

Histologic grade

  

14.61

  

<0.001

  

<0.001

  

1.029

   

 I/II

272 (67.0)

219 (65.6)

 

427 (64.1)

64 (86.5)

 

470 (70.3)

21 (29.6)

 

449 (65.4)

42 (79.2)

    

 III

134 (33.0)

115 (34.4)

 

239 (35.9)

10 (13.5)

 

199 (29.7)

50 (70.4)

 

238 (34.6)

11 (20.8)

    

ER

  

6.090

  

8.022

  

<0.001

  

<0.001

   

 Negative

143 (35.2)

143 (42.8)

 

261 (39.2)

25 (33.8)

 

226 (33.8)

60 (84.5)

 

278 (40.5)

8 (15.1)

    

 Positive

263 (64.8)

191 (57.2)

 

405 (60.8)

49 (66.2)

 

443 (66.2)

11 (15.5)

 

409 (59.5)

45 (84.9)

    

PR

  

19.76

  

1.827

  

<0.001

  

<0.001

   

 Negative

205 (50.5)

167 (50.0)

 

342 (51.4)

30 (40.5)

 

309 (46.2)

63 (88.7)

 

360 (52.4)

12 (22.6)

    

 Positive

201 (49.5)

167 (50.0)

 

324 (48.6)

44 (59.5)

 

360 (53.8)

8 (11.3)

 

327 (47.6)

41 (77.4)

    

HER2

  

12.36

  

0.336

  

<0.001

  

8.022

   

 Negative

323 (79.6)

260 (77.8)

 

533 (80.0)

50 (67.6)

 

515 (76.9)

68 (95.8)

 

544 (79.2)

39 (73.6)

    

 Positive

83 (20.4)

74 (22.2)

 

133 (20.0)

24 (32.4)

 

154 (23.1)

3 (4.2)

 

143 (20.8)

14 (26.4)

    

Tumor stage

  

0.042

  

6.888

  

16.86

  

0.210

   

 T1

175 (43.1)

183 (54.8)

 

318 (47.7)

40 (54.1)

 

325 (48.6)

33 (46.5)

 

323 (47.0)

35 (66.0)

    

 T2/T3

231 (56.9)

151 (45.2)

 

348 (52.3)

34 (45.9)

 

344 (51.4)

38 (53.5)

 

364 (53.0)

18 (34.0)

    

Nodal stage

  

13.71

  

3.612

  

6.552

  

16.23

   

 N0

236 (58.1)

200 (59.9)

 

398 (59.8)

38 (51.4)

 

390 (58.3)

46 (64.8)

 

406 (59.1)

30 (56.6)

    

 N1/N2/N3

170 (41.9)

134 (40.1)

 

268 (40.2)

36 (48.6)

 

279 (41.7)

25 (35.2)

 

281 (40.9)

23 (43.4)

    

Ki-67 LI (%, mean ± SD)

17.8 ± 19.4

18.3 ± 19.1

0.042

19.0 ± 19.8

9.5 ± 10.0

<0.001

15.7 ± 17.2

39.6 ± 23.1

<0.001

18.7 ± 19.7

10.4 ± 9.6

0.032

   

Tumor recurrence

  

0.882

  

2.877

  

4.053

  

16.98

   

 Absent

360 (88.7)

311 (93.1)

 

600 (90.1)

71 (95.9)

 

610 (91.2)

61 (85.9)

 

622 (90.5)

49 (92.5)

    

 Present

46 (11.3)

23 (6.9)

 

66 (9.9)

3 (4.1)

 

59 (8.8)

10 (14.1)

 

65 (9.5)

4 (7.5)

    

Death

  

16.75

  

0.189

  

10.75

  

9.765

   

 Survival

368 (90.6)

305 (91.3)

 

600 (90.1)

73 (98.6)

 

610 (91.2)

63 (88.7)

 

623 (90.7)

50 (94.3)

    

 Death

38 (9.4)

29 (8.7)

 

66 (9.9)

1 (1.4)

 

59 (8.8)

8 (11.3)

 

64 (9.3)

3 (5.7)

    

Parameters

LC3B in tumor

LC3B in stroma

Cytoplasmic p62 in tumor

Nuclear p62 in tumor

Nuclear p62 in stroma

Negative

Positive

 

Negative

Positive

 

Negative

Positive

 

Negative

Positive

 

Negative

Positive

 
 

( n = 475) (%)

(n = 265) (%)

P -value

( n = 688) (%)

( n = 52) (%)

P -value

( n = 274) (%)

( n = 466) (%)

P -value

( n = 532) (%)

( n = 208) (%)

P -value

( n = 512) (%)

( n = 228) (%)

P -value

Age

49.4 ± 10.4

50.4 ± 12.0

4.599

49.6 ± 11.0

51.1 ± 10.6

15.77

49.4 ± 10.3

49.9 ± 11.4

10.35

49.4 ± 10.9

50.6 ± 11.2

3.717

49.5 ± 11.2

50.3 ± 10.4

6.741

(years, mean ± SD)

Histologic grade

  

3.528

  

9.450

  

0.210

  

<0.001

  

18.18

 I/II

324 (68.2)

167 (63.0)

 

459 (66.7)

32 (61.5)

 

198 (72.3)

293 (62.9)

 

322 (60.5)

169 (81.3)

 

341 (66.6)

150 (65.8)

 

 III

151 (31.8)

98 (37.0)

 

229 (33.3)

20 (38.5)

 

76 (27.7)

173 (37.1)

 

210 (39.5)

39 (18.8)

 

171 (33.4)

78 (34.2)

 

ER

  

6.279

  

7.980

  

2.877

  

<0.001

  

14.34

 Negative

173 (36.4)

113 (42.6)

 

269 (39.1)

17 (32.7)

 

96 (35.0)

190 (40.8)

 

227 (42.7)

59 (28.4)

 

195 (38.1)

91 (39.9)

 

 Positive

302 (63.6)

152 (57.4)

 

419 (60.9)

35 (67.3)

 

178 (65.0)

276 (59.2)

 

305 (57.3)

149 (71.6)

 

317 (61.9)

137 (60.1)

 

PR

  

10.29

  

5.292

  

0.105

  

<0.001

  

17.05

 Negative

234 (49.3)

138 (52.1)

 

350 (50.9)

22 (42.3)

 

119 (43.4)

253 (54.3)

 

293 (55.1)

79 (38.0)

 

259 (50.6)

113 (49.6)

 

 Positive

241 (50.7)

127 (47.9)

 

338 (49.1)

30 (57.7)

 

155 (56.6)

213 (45.7)

 

239 (44.9)

129 (62.0)

 

253 (49.4)

115 (50.4)

 

HER2

  

12.07

  

12.55

  

<0.001

  

16.04

  

13.16

 Negative

371 (78.1)

212 (80.0)

 

540 (78.5)

43 (82.7)

 

238 (86.9)

345 (74.0)

 

421 (79.1)

162 (77.9)

 

406 (79.3)

177 (34.6)

 

 Positive

104 (21.9)

53 (20.0)

 

148 (21.5)

9 (17.3)

 

36 (13.1)

121 (26.0)

 

111 (20.9)

46 (22.1)

 

106 (20.7)

51 (22.4)

 

Tumor stage

  

0.357

  

14.00

  

3.570

  

0.189

  

0.189

 T1

214 (45.1)

144 (54.3)

 

331 (48.1)

27 (51.9)

 

142 (51.8)

216 (46.4)

 

241 (45.3)

117 (56.2)

 

231 (45.1)

127 (55.7)

 

 T2/T3

261 (54.9)

121 (45.7)

 

357 (51.9)

25 (48.1)

 

132 (48.2)

250 (53.6)

 

291 (54.7)

91 (43.8)

 

281 (54.9)

101 (44.3)

 

Nodal stage

  

6.531

  

13.90

  

3.969

  

5.901

  

10.87

 N0

273 (57.5)

163 (61.5)

 

407 (59.2)

29 (55.8)

 

170 (62.0)

266 (57.1)

 

320 (60.2)

116 (55.8)

 

306 (59.8)

130 (57.0)

 

 N1/N2/N3

202 (42.5)

102 (38.5)

 

281 (40.8)

23 (44.2)

 

104 (38.0)

200 (42.9)

 

212 (39.8)

92 (44.2)

 

206 (40.2)

98 (43.0)

 

Ki-67 LI (%, mean ± SD)

18.2 ± 19.8

17.8 ± 18.2

16.10

18.4 ± 19.4

18.9 ± 17.6

15.77

16.0 ± 19.2

19.3 ± 19.2

0567

21.4 ± 20.8

9.5 ± 10.6

<0.001

18.5 ± 19.7

17.0 ± 18.1

7.161

Tumor recurrence

  

18.81

  

9.765

  

18.83

  

3.339

  

19.80

 Absent

430 (90.5)

241 (90.9)

 

622 (90.4)

49 (94.2)

 

248 (90.5)

423 (90.8)

 

477 (89.7)

194 (93.3)

 

464 (90.6)

207 (90.8)

 

 Present

45 (9.5)

24 (9.1)

 

66 (9.6)

3 (5.8)

 

26 (9.5)

43 (9.2)

 

55 (10.3)

14 (6.7)

 

48 (9.4)

21 (9.2)

 

Death

  

8.925

  

12.89

  

14.53

  

10.03

  

14.28

 Survival

435 (91.6)

238 (89.8)

 

624 (90.7)

49 (94.2)

 

251 (91.6)

422 (90.6)

 

481 (90.4)

192 (92.3)

 

467 (91.2)

206 (90.3)

 

 Death

40 (8.4)

27 (10.2)

 

64 (9.3)

3 (5.8)

 

23 (8.4)

44 (9.4)

 

51 (9.6)

16 (7.7)

 

45 (8.8)

22 (9.7)

 
  1. aP-values are corrected for multiple testing using the Bonferroni correction. BNIP3, BCL2/adenovirus E1B 19-kDa interacting protein 3; CAIX, carbonic anhydrase IX; Glut-1, glucose transporter 1; LC3A, microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3α; LC3B, microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3β; LI, labeling index; MCT4, monocarboxylate transporter 4; TNBC, triple-negative breast cancer.
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Breast Cancer Research

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