Table 2 Differentially methylated genes between ductal carcinoma in situ and infiltrating ductal carcinoma
From: DNA methylation in ductal carcinoma in situof the breast
Gene | Type of difference | DCIS versus IDC | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
APC | Frequency of methylation | IDC 24/45 (53%) Mixed DCIS-IDC 15/40 (38%) | Hoque et al. [46] (2009) |
CACNA1A | Frequency of methylation | IDC 6/14 (42.9%) DCIS 1/12 (8.3%) P = 0.048 | Verschuur-Maes et al. [53] (2012) |
CDH1 | Frequency of methylation Level of methylation | IDC 21/45 (47%) Mixed DCIS-IDC 12/40 (31%) Higher methylation levels in IDC compared with mixed DCIS-IDC, P <0.04 | Hoque et al. [46] (2009) |
FOXC1 | Level of methylation | Higher methylation levels in IDC compared with DCIS IDC versus pure DCIS P = 0.007 IDC versus mixed DCIS-IDC P = 0.001 | Muggerud et al. [47] (2010) |
HOXA10 | Frequency of methylation | IDC 17/50 (34%) DCIS 3/35 (9%) P = 0.007 | Park et al. [49] (2011) |
MGMT | Frequency of methylation Level of methylation | IDC 8/14 (57.1%) DCIS 2/12 (16.7%) P = 0.022 Higher methylation levels in IDC compared with DCIS, P = 0.019 | Verschuur-Maes et al. [53] (2012) |
SFRP1 | Level of methylation | Higher methylation levels in IDC compared with DCIS, P = 0.035 | Park et al. [49] (2011) |
TFAP2A | Frequency of methylation | IDC 12/16 (75%), DCIS 3/19 (16%), P <0.001 | Douglas et al. [40] (2004) |
TWIST1 | Frequency of methylation | IDC 15/27 (56%) Grade 1-2 DCIS 5/26 (19%) P = 0.01 | Fackler et al. [37] (2003) |