Circulating levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and risk of breast cancer: a nested case-control study

Scarmo, Stephanie; Afanasyeva, Yelena; Lenner, Per; Koenig, Karen L; Horst, Ronald L; Clendenen, Tess V; Arslan, Alan A; Chen, Yu; Hallmans, Göran; Lundin, Eva; Rinaldi, Sabina; Toniolo, Paolo; Shore, Roy E; Zeleniuch-Jacquotte, Anne

doi:10.1186/bcr3390

Breast Cancer Research

Table 5 Stratified odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for breast cancer risk according to quintiles of season-adjusted residual values of circulating 25(OH)D concentration at enrollment

From: Circulating levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and risk of breast cancer: a nested case-control study

		Quintiles
		1	2	3	4	5	P _trend	P _het ^a
Caucasians^b
	Cases/controls	209/399	298/449	270/469	282/473	244/471	0.46	0.31
	OR (95% CI)	1.00	1.28 (1.01, 1.62)	1.10 (0.87, 1.38)	1.17 (0.92, 1.48)	0.97 (0.76, 1.24)
Age at enrollment, years^b
≤ 45	Cases/controls	72/101	54/103	62/103	61/110	52/136
	OR (95% CI)	1.00	0.67 (0.42, 1.07)	0.78 (0.49, 1.25)	0.73 (0.46, 1.14)	0.48 (0.30, 0.79)	0.01	0.08
45-54	Cases/controls	118/220	116/220	97/201	117/209	109/186
	OR (95% CI)	1.00	0.92 (0.65, 1.29)	0.82 (0.58, 1.17)	0.99 (0.70, 1.40)	1.04 (0.73, 1.48)	0.73
≥ 55	Cases/controls	121/268	192/265	150/284	137/269	127/265
	OR (95% CI)	1.00	1.76 (1.30, 2.38)	1.28 (0.94, 1.73)	1.28 (0.94, 1.75)	1.20 (0.87, 1.66)	0.96
Lag-time to diagnosis^b
≤ 8 years	Cases/controls	123/261	174/240	144/258	140/253	141/252
	OR (95% CI)	1.00	1.62 (1.19, 2.22)	1.23 (0.90, 1.69)	1.26 (0.92, 1.73)	1.18 (0.85, 1.63)	0.99	0.30
> 8 years	Cases/controls	188/328	188/348	165/330	175/335	157/335
	OR (95% CI)	1.00	0.92 (0.71, 1.20)	0.86 (0.66, 1.13)	0.91 (0.70, 1.19)	0.82 (0.62, 1.08)	0.20
ER status^b
ER⁺	Cases/controls	173/355	219/347	178/358	200/355	78/352
	OR (95% CI)	1.00	1.31 (1.00, 1.70)	1.04 (0.80, 1.35)	1.22 (0.93, 1.58)	1.10 (0.83, 1.44)	0.79	0.79
ER^-	Cases/controls	53/99	60/99	56/111	49/93	54/95
	OR (95% CI)	1.00	1.03 (0.63, 1.70)	0.99 (0.60, 1.64)	1.00 (0.61, 1.66)	1.08 (0.64, 1.85)	0.85
Menopausal status^c
Pre-menopausal	Cases/controls	150/229	128/228	122/218	123/221	114/238
	OR (95% CI)	1.00	0.80 (0.59, 1.09)	0.79 (0.58, 1.08)	0.80 (0.58, 1.09)	0.67 (0.48, 0.92)	0.03	0.05
Post-menopausal	Cases/controls	161/360	234/360	187/370	192/367	174/349
	OR (95% CI)	1.00	1.48 (1.15, 1.90)	1.16 (0.89, 1.50)	1.22 (0.94, 1.58)	1.21 (0.92, 1.58)	0.67
BMI^c, kg/m²
< 25	Cases/controls	115/245	153/312	164/323	195/361	192/403
	OR (95% CI)	1.00	1.01 (0.75, 1.36)	1.05 (0.78, 1.40)	1.10 (0.83, 1.47)	0.97 (0.73, 1.29)	0.99	0.56
25+	Cases/controls	187/331	201/267	142/260	115/215	90/171
	OR (95% CI)	1.00	1.31 (1.01, 1.70)	0.93 (0.70, 1.22)	0.91 (0.68, 1.22)	0.93 (0.68, 1.27)	0.16
Estrone, pg/mL^{c, d}
< 23.25	Cases/controls	32/90	42/85	40/94	44/97	33/102
	OR (95% CI)	1.00	1.38 (0.79, 2.41)	1.19 (0.68, 2.09)	1.36 (0.78, 2.36)	0.95 (0.53, 1.70)	0.83	0.41
23.25-32.45	Cases/controls	43/83	59/82	48/91	53/81	47/74
	OR (95% CI)	1.00	1.40 (0.84, 2.33)	1.03 (0.61, 1.73)	1.33 (0.78, 2.25)	1.29 (0.75, 2.22)	0.49
> 32.45	Cases/controls	48/83	80/94	56/80	37/82	41/52
	OR (95% CI)	1.00	1.70 (1.05, 2.76)	1.36 (0.81, 2.27)	0.87 (0.50, 1.50)	1.66 (0.94, 2.95)	0.82

^aCochran's Q statistic was used to test for heterogeneity according to lag-time and estrogen receptor (ER) status. ^bAdjusted for age at menarche (continuous), family history of breast cancer (yes or no), age at first birth/parity (≤ 20, 21-25, 26-30, > 30 years, nulliparous), body mass index (BMI) (continuous), hormone replacement therapy use (ever or never), and alcohol consumption (continuous). ^cUnconditional logistic regression analyses adjusted for cohort and age at sampling in addition to all factors in footnote b. ^dMeasured in post-menopausal women only. 25(OH)D, 25-hydroxyvitamin D; CI, confidence interval; OR, odds ratio.

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