Table 1 Characteristics of breast cancer cases and matched controls
From: Circulating levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and risk of breast cancer: a nested case-control study
Characteristic | Case subjects Number (percentage) | Control subjects Number (percentage) | Pvaluea |
|---|---|---|---|
Age at enrollment, years | |||
≤ 45 | 301 (19%) | 575 (20%) | |
46-54 | 557 (35%) | 1,005 (34%) | Matched |
≥ 55 | 727 (46%) | 1,360 (46%) | |
Age at diagnosis, years | |||
≤ 55 | 393 (25%) | ||
56-64 | 511 (32%) | ||
≥ 65 | 681 (43%) | ||
Race | |||
Caucasian | 1,370 (90%) | 2,484 (90%) | |
African-American | 94 (6%) | 163 (6%) | Matched |
Other | 51 (4%) | 118 (4%) | |
Missing | 70 | 175 | |
Education | |||
Some high school or less | 288 (25%) | 582 (26%) | |
Completed high school | 415 (36%) | 820 (37%) | 0.09 |
College or higher | 439 (38%) | 801 (36%) | |
Missing | 443 | 737 | |
Menopausal status at enrollment | |||
Pre- or peri-menopausal | 637 (40%) | 1,134 (39%) | Matchedb |
Post-menopausal | 948 (60%) | 1,806 (61%) | |
Age at menarche, years | |||
< 12 | 285 (18%) | 477 (17%) | |
12 | 397 (26%) | 670 (23%) | |
13 | 439 (28%) | 803 (28%) | 0.005 |
> 13 | 438 (28%) | 926 (32%) | |
Missing | 26 | 64 | |
Nulliparous | 327 (21%) | 530 (18%) | 0.029 |
Missing | 46 | 63 | |
Age at first full-term pregnancy, years | |||
≤ 20 | 171 (14%) | 409 (18%) | |
21-25 | 523 (44%) | 1,016 (44%) | |
26-30 | 318 (27%) | 596 (26%) | 0.006 |
> 30 | 172 (15%) | 281 (12%) | |
Missing | 28 | 45 | |
Ever user of oral contraceptives | 677 (46%) | 1219 (45%) | 0.45 |
Missing | 121 | 209 | |
Ever user of hormone replacement therapy | 445 (30%) | 685 (25%) | < 0.001 |
Missing | 99 | 176 | |
First-degree family history of breast cancer | 299 (19%) | 437 (15%) | 0.0005 |
Body mass index, kg/m2 | |||
Pre- and peri-menopausal | |||
< 20.0 | 53 (8%) | 104 (9%) | |
20.0-24.9 | 339 (54%) | 614 (55%) | 0.24 |
≥ 25.0 | 237 (38%) | 409 (36%) | |
Missing | 8 | 7 | |
Post-menopausal | |||
< 20.0 | 31 (3%) | 78 (4%) | |
20.0-24.9 | 396 (43%) | 848 (48%) | |
≥ 25.0 | 498 (54%) | 835 (48%) | 0.0009 |
Missing | 23 | 45 | |
Multivitamin user | 515 (41%) | 956 (39%) | 0.49 |
Missing | 332 | 509 | |
Ever smoker | 642 (50%) | 1,264 (52%) | 0.52 |
Missing | 299 | 524 | |
Alcohol, drinks per day | |||
0 | 501 (43%) | 928 (41%) | |
< 1 | 552 (47%) | 1,161 (51%) | |
≥ 1 | 123 (10%) | 187 (8%) | 0.80 |
Missing | 409 | 664 | |
Physical activity | |||
NYUWHS, MET-hours per week | |||
< 5.5 | 249 (31%) | 412 (28%) | |
5.5-21.5 | 271 (34%) | 506 (35%) | 0.12 |
≥ 21.5 | 274 (35%) | 548 (37%) | |
Missing | 99 | 176 | |
Mammary Screening Cohort, activity level | |||
Inactive | 55 (14%) | 107 (13%) | |
Moderately active | 145 (37%) | 305 (37%) | |
Active | 192 (49%) | 408 (50%) | 0.84 |
Missing | 300 | 478 | |
Dietary vitamin D in IU/day, median (10th-90th percentile) | 141 (55, 272) | 145 (55, 275) | 0.60 |
Missing | 340 | 526 | |
Circulating 25(OH)D in nmol/L, median (10-90th percentile) | 53.0 (31.2, 81.0) | 54.2 (30.7, 82.6) | 0.27 |