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Table 1 Association of TWIST1 mRNA expression with standard clinical and pathological characteristics of patients and tumors

From: High TWIST1 mRNA expression is associated with poor prognosis in lymph node-negative and estrogen receptor-positive human breast cancer and is co-expressed with stromal as well as ECM related genes

Characteristics

No. patients

TWIST1mRNA expression (Median value*)

P-value

Age (years)

   

<40

188

0.025

 

41 to 55

530

0.028

 

56 to 70

471

0.030

 

>70

238

0.020

0.04†

Menopausal status

   

Premenopausal

603

0.027

 

Postmenopausal

824

0.027

0.21‡

Tumor size

   

pT1, <2 cm

463

0.031

 

pT2, >2 to <5

807

0.025

 

pT3, >5 + pT4

157

0.028

0.009¶

Lymph nodes involved

   

0

778

0.026

 

1 to 3

288

0.025

 

>3

361

0.030

0.007¶

Grade

   

Poor

800

0.026

 

Good/Moderate

230

0.027

 

Unknown

397

0.029

0.47¶

Tumor histology

   

IDC

957

0.027

 

ILC

112

0.044

<0.001‡, §

Medullary

31

0.016

 

Mucinous

39

0.008

<0.001¶

ER status (mRNA)

   

Negative

360

0.021

 

Positive

1,067

0.029

0.06†

PGR status (mRNA)

   

Negative

572

0.023

 

Positive

855

0.029

<0.001†

ERBB2 status (mRNA)

   

Negative

1,187

0.026

 

Positive

240

0.032

<0.001†

  1. Abbreviations: IDC, invasive ductal carcinoma; ILC, invasive lobular carcinoma.
  2. * Expression values after normalization to our set of three reference genes (B2M, HMBS and HPRT1).
  3. † P Spearman rank correlation test.
  4. ‡ P for Mann-Whitney test.
  5. ¶ P for Kruskal-Wallis test.
  6. § TWIST1 expression was compared between IDC and ILC tumors.