ErbB2 (HER2)
|
Amplification or overexpression
|
Hyperactivation of ErbB2 signaling (PI3K, MEK)
|
10%
|
~100%
|
0%
|
[30–32]
|
PTEN
|
Loss-of-function mutation or reduced expression
|
Hyperactivation of PI3K signaling
|
29-44%
|
22%
|
67%
|
[6, 8, 104, 105]
|
PIK3CA (p110α/PI3K)
|
Activating mutation
|
Hyperactivation of PI3K signaling
|
28-47%
|
23-33%
|
8-25%
|
[6, 52, 66–68, 105–107]
|
PIK3CB (p110β/PI3K)
|
Amplification
|
Unknown
| |
5% of all cases
| |
[62]
|
IGF1R and INSR (IGF-1R, InsR)
|
Receptor activation, IGF1R amplification
|
Activates IGF-IR/InsR signaling (PI3K, MEK)
|
41-48%
|
18-64%
|
42%
|
[108, 109]
|
FGFR1
|
Amplification, activating mutation
|
Hyperactivation of FGFR signaling (PI3K, MEK)
|
8.6-11.6%
|
5.4%
|
5.6%
|
[63, 110]
|
RPS6K1 (p70S6K)
|
Amplification
|
Unknown
| |
3.8-12.5% of all cases
| |
[111]
|
INPP4B
|
Reduced expression or genomic loss
|
Hyperactivation of PI3K signaling
|
10-33%
|
54%
|
53%
|
[64, 112]
|
PIK3R1 (p85α/PI3K)
|
Inactivating mutation
|
Derepression of catalytic activity of p110α
| |
2% of all cases
| |
[113]
|
AKT1
|
Activating mutation
|
Hyperactivation of AKT
|
2.6-3.8%
|
0%
|
0%
|
[65, 66, 106, 114]
|
AKT2
|
Amplification
|
Hyperactivation of AKT
| |
2.8% of all cases
| |
[115]
|
EGFR
|
Amplification
|
Hyperactivation of EGFR signaling (PI3K, MEK)
| |
0.8% of all cases
| |
[116]
|
PDK1
|
Amplification or overexpression
|
Hyperactivation of PDK1 (AKT, TORC1)
|
22%
|
22%
|
38%
|
[117]
|
KRAS
|
Activating mutation
|
Hyperactivation of PI3K and MEK
| |
4-6% of all cases
| |
[118, 119]
|