Table 2 Prognoses after diagnosis of breast cancer by tumour characteristics and lifestyle factors
Overall survival | Disease-free survival | Death from breast cancer | Recurrence | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Prognostic and lifestyle factors | Hazard ratio (95% CI) | |||
Age, years | ||||
<57 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
57 to 69 | 1.51 (1.12 to 2.03) | 1.19 (0.90 to 1.56) | 1.13 (0.79 to 1.62) | 0.61 (0.40 to 0.93) |
≥69 | 3.20 (2.45 to 4.18) | 2.25 (1.76 to 2.87) | 2.05 (1.49 to 2.82) | 0.56 (0.36 to 0.88) |
Tumour size, mm | ||||
≤20 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
20 to 50 | 2.39 (1.89 to 3.01) | 2.12 (1.72 to 2.62) | 3.27 (2.37 to 4.51) | 1.49 (1.03 to 2.17) |
>50 | 3.48 (2.22 to 5.44) | 2.44 (1.53 to 3.90) | 4.27 (2.33 to 7.82) | 0.95 (0.30 to 3.03) |
Lymph node status | ||||
Lymph node negative | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Lymph node positive | 1.47 (1.18 to 1.84) | 1.48 (1.21 to 1.82) | 2.49 (1.81 to 3.43) | 2.08 (1.41 to 3.07) |
Distant metastases | ||||
No | 1.00 | NA | 1.00 | NA |
Yes | 8.57 (5.61 to 13.1) | NA | 12.32 (7.66 to 19.80) | NA |
Histopathological grade | ||||
Well differentiated | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Moderately differentiated | 1.64 (1.19 to 2.26) | 1.57 (1.16 to 2.11) | 2.52 (1.53 to 4.13) | 1.94 (1.05 to 3.59) |
Poorly/un-differentiated | 2.76 (1.96 to 3.90) | 3.00 (2.18 to 4.12) | 5.28 (3.17 to 8.79) | 5.32 (2.87 to 9.87) |
Estrogen receptor status | ||||
Positive | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Negative | 2.09 (1.63 to 2.66) | 1.98 (1.57 to 2.49) | 3.03 (2.24 to 4.10) | 2.31 (1.54 to 3.47) |
Progesterone receptor status | ||||
Positive | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Negative | 2.32 (1.77 to 3.05) | 2.02 (1.58 to 2.60) | 3.28 (2.25 to 4.77) | 1.91 (1.23 to 2.95) |
HER2 receptor status | ||||
Positive | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Negative | 2.46 (1.38 to 4.39) | 2.06 (1.21 to 3.52) | 2.72 (1.30 to 5.69) | 1.49 (0.58 to 3.85) |
No. of cigarettes smoked per day | ||||
<10 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
10 to 20 | 1.30 (0.97 to 1.75) | 1.15 (0.86 to 1.54) | 1.55 (1.09 to 2.21) | 0.96 (0.55 to 1.66) |
≥20 | 1.06 (0.74 to 1.51) | 0.96 (0.68 to 1.36) | 0.81 (0.49 to 1.37) | 0.73 (0.37 to 1.45) |
Alcohol consumption in grams per week* | ||||
≤168 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
>168 | 0.79 (0.53 to 1.19) | 0.72 (0.48 to 1.08) | 0.96 (0.59 to 1.55) | 0.83 (0.42 to 1.65) |
Body mass index in kg/m2† | ||||
<18.5 | 2.21 (1.37 to 3.57) | 2.09 (1.31 to 3.32) | 1.10 (0.48 to 2.52) | 0.32 (0.04 to 2.29) |
18.5 to 24.9 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
25 to 29.9 | 1.06 (0.80 to 1.40) | 1.09 (0.84 to 1.42) | 1.05 (0.74 to 1.49) | 1.16 (0.74 to 1.82) |
≥30 | 1.45 (1.01 to 2.09) | 1.58 (1.13 to 2.21) | 1.62 (1.05 to 2.52) | 1.88 (1.08 to 3.25) |
Menopause status, No (%) | ||||
Post menopause | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Pre menopause | 0.36 (0.26 to 0.51) | 0.56 (0.42 to 0.74) | 0.52 (0.36 to 0.77) | 1.64 (1.12 to 2.42) |
Cardiovascular disease, No (%) | ||||
No | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Yes | 2.46 (1.77 to 3.42) | 2.32 (1.67 to 3.22) | 1.70 (1.03 to 2.79) | 1.45 (0.71 to 2.98) |