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Table 2 Associations of coffee consumption and breast cancer risk factors in Swedish study (controls only)

From: Coffee consumption modifies risk of estrogen-receptor negative breast cancer

Breast cancer risk factors

Daily coffee consumption

 
 

≤ 1 cup

2 to 3 cups

4 to 5 cups

> 5 cups

Ptrenda

Age at menarche, continuous (y)

     

Mean (SD)

13.5 (1.5)

13.6 (1.4)

13.6 (1.4)

13.6 (1.5)

0.506

Controls (n) in each coffee consumption category

246

1,054

776

326

 

Age at menopause, continuous (y)

     

Mean (SD)

49.9 (4.1)

50 (4.1)

50 (3.8)

50.2 (3.6)

0.331

Controls (n) in each coffee consumption category

268

1,164

840

360

 

Body mass index, continuous (kg/m2)

     

Mean (SD)

25.4 (5.1)

25.4 (4)

25.4 (4)

25.4 (4.7)

0.979

Controls (n) in each coffee consumption category

264

1,158

840

362

 

Alcohol consumption (g/day)

     

Mean (SD)

2.1 (4.2)

2.2 (4.0)

2 (3.7)

2 (4.3)

0.411

Controls (n) in each coffee consumption category

252

1,056

761

327

 

Hormone replacement therapy

     

Proportion of ever users

0.46

0.44

0.42

0.37

0.008

 

269

1,160

843

361

 

Family history of breast cancer

     

Proportion with family history of breast cancer

0.11

0.10

0.09

0.08

0.281

Controls (n) in each coffee consumption category

266

1,154

830

353

 

Smoked > 1 year or > 100 cigarettes (No/Yes)

     

Proportion of Yes

0.37

0.37

0.47

0.57

< 0.0001

Controls (n) in each coffee consumption category

270

1,170

846

363

 

Parity/Age at first birth, categorical

     

Proportion of nulliparous

0.14

0.12

0.09

0.10

0.876

Proportion of parous with age of first birth < 25 y

0.42

0.47

0.49

0.50

 

Proportion of parous with age of first birth ≥ 25 y and < 30 y

0.30

0.30

0.26

0.29

 

Proportion of parous with age of first birth ≥ 30 y

0.14

0.11

0.15

0.10

 

Controls (n) in each coffee consumption category

270

1,171

846

363

 

Education, categorical

     

Proportion of highest education level

     

to elementary school

0.39

0.52

0.50

0.50

0.041

- junior secondary school

0.25

0.22

0.23

0.24

 

- high school

0.19

0.14

0.14

0.15

 

- university

0.18

0.12

0.12

0.11

 

Controls (n) in each coffee consumption category

269

1,168

843

362

 

Physical activity one year before recruitment, categorical

     

- none

0.17

0.19

0.16

0.22

0.624

- < 1 h per week

0.18

0.17

0.15

0.16

 

- 1 to 2 h per week

0.31

0.31

0.34

0.26

 

- > 2 h per week

0.35

0.33

0.36

0.36

 

Controls (n) in each coffee consumption category

267

1,165

842

362

 
  1. aTo obtain P-value for trend for coffee consumption treated as a continuous variable, linear regression analysis was performed for continuous risk factor variables (age at menarche (years), age at menopause (years), body mass index (kg/m2) and alcohol consumption (g/day)), logistic regression analysis was performed for binary risk factor variables (hormone replacement therapy, family history of breast cancer and smoking), and proportional odds logistic regression was performed for categorical risk factor variables (parity/age at first birth, highest education level, and physical activity one year before enrolment).
  2. SD, standard deviation; y, year(s).
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Breast Cancer Research

ISSN: 1465-542X

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