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Table 1 Characteristics of the study population

From: An investigation of soy intake and mammographic characteristics in Hawaii

      

All

 
    

Native

    

Characteristic

Caucasian

Chinese

Japanese

Hawaiian

Others

Mean

SD

P *

Number

182

72

157

63

40

514

 

0.001

Age (years)

54.1

56.8

53.3

52.7

51.8

53.9

10.1

0.064

Body mass index

25.3

22.8

23.2

30.3

25.4

24.9

5.8

0.001

Years of education

16.1

16.7

16.1

14.6

14.1

15.8

3.1

0.001

Family history of breast cancer (%)

14.3

9.7

13.4

14.3

14.3

13.0

 

0.848

Age at menarche (years)

12.5

12.2

12.2

12.4

12.8

12.4

1.5

0.130

Age at first live birth (years)

24.9

26.7

27.0

21.6

24.4

25.3

5.3

0.001

Percent postmenopausal

59.9

63.9

55.4

55.6

60.0

58.6

 

0.757

Daily caloric intake (kcal)

2022

1806

2020

2886

2766

2155

1413

0.001

Percent calories from fat (%)

30.3

27.5

29.6

31.0

31.7

29.9

6.4

0.003

Fruits and vegetables (servings/day)

5.5

5.2

5.1

6.9

6.4

5.6

4.2

0.212

Meat (g/day)

86.9

87.9

100.1

145.5

169.3

104.7

100.2

0.001

Rice (g/day)

89.5

206.5

240.3

206.8

258.5

179.5

163.6

0.001

Alcohol (g/day)

111.7

32.4

27.0

76.7

74.2

67.5

185.5

0.001

All soy foods (SQ) (g/day)

22.3

37.6

39.4

51.9

72.4

37.2

86.3

0.001

All soy foods (FQ) (g/day)

10.6

20.7

27.2

25.7

24.3

20.0

32.2

0.001

All tofu (SQ) (g/day)

8.6

18.6

21.0

26.8

14.2

16.4

31.9

0.001

Tofu (FFQ) (g/day)

9.2

18.9

24.4

23.8

22.1

18.0

30.7

0.001

Soy milk/drinks (SQ) (g/day)

7.4

6.3

5.6

4.7

29.1

8.1

45.9

0.005

Green soybeans (SQ) (g/day)

1.4

2.6

4.8

9.2

6.2

3.9

16.2

0.001

Soybean sprouts (SQ) (g/day)

1.3

1.6

1.9

6.0

4.9

2.4

6.9

0.001

Other soy foods (SQ) (g/day)

3.7

8.5

6.1

5.2

17.9

6.4

25.7

< 0.001

Breast area (103 pixels)

1209

807

789

1353

1146

1037

588

< 0.001

Dense area (103 pixels)

296

246

254

307

304

278

171

0.460

Mammographic percent density (%)

29.0

36.0

34.9

26.4

31.2

31.6

16.9

< 0.001

Nondense area (103 pixels) pixels)

914

561

535

1046

842

759

557

< 0.001

  1. FFQ, Food frequency questionnaire; SQ, soy questionnaire. *Probabilities for ethnic differences were obtained through either one-way analysis of variance or chi-square tests.