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Table 2 Role of β-tubulin in drug resistance

From: Chemotherapy resistance in metastatic breast cancer: the evolving role of ixabepilone

Altered expression of β-tubulin isotypes [41, 42]

Overexpression of the βIII-tubulin subunit [40, 43]

β-Tubulin mutations affecting microtubule stability and the binding of microtubule inhibitors [44–46]

Changes in microtubule-associated proteins (for example, tau and microtubule-associated protein-4) [47, 48]

Post-translational modifications of tubulin (for example, acetylation) [40]