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Table 2 Mean and median serum and urinary phytoestrogen levels in the European Prospective into Cancer-Norfolk breast cancer case – control study

From: Breast cancer risk in relation to urinary and serum biomarkers of phytoestrogen exposure in the European Prospective into Cancer-Norfolk cohort study

 

Median

% detected

Median

% detected

P valuea

Full study

Controls (n = 952)

Cases (n = 237)

 

   Serum (ng/ml)

     

Genistein

5.00

91

4.77

93

0.608

Daidzein

2.00

86

1.98

91

0.206

Equol

0.01

29

0.01

33

0.005

o-Desmethylangolensin

0.10

52

0.10

59

0.284

Glycitein

0.01

29

0.01

40

<0.0001

Enterodiol

0.10

58

0.20

68

0.023

Enterolactone

5.83

98

5.00

98

0.088

   Urine (μg/mmol creatinine)

Controls (n = 851)

Cases (n = 213)

 

Genistein

5.71

84

6.47

86

0.071

Daidzein

14.82

92

14.63

94

0.134

Equol

0.011

47

0.011

52

0.403

o-Desmethylangolensin

0.92

73

0.58

75

0.486

Glycitein

0.62

69

1.29

79

<0.0001

Enterodiol

6.45

86

7.25

91

0.188

Enterolactone

112.70

97

102.07

97

0.366

Oestrogen receptor-positive subgroup

Controls (n = 381)

Cases (n = 112)

 

   Serum (ng/ml)

     

Genistein

4.80

89

4.55

89

0.446

Daidzein

1.83

84

1.89

87

0.846

Equol

0.01

37

0.01

41

0.637

o-Desmethylangolensin

0.10

51

0.10

56

0.569

Glycitein

0.01

25

0.01

29

0.372

Enterodiol

0.10

59

0.17

61

0.645

Enterolactone

6.60

98

6.25

98

0.739

   Urine (μg/mmol creatinine)

Controls (n = 344)

Cases (n = 102)

 

Genistein

5.67

84

4.74

80

0.675

Daidzein

15.30

93

13.09

92

0.948

Equol

0.04

51

0.46

61

0.073

o-Desmethylangolensin

1.29

70

1.02

72

0.899

Glycitein

0.51

65

0.56

70

0.195

Enterodiol

6.62

85

8.82

91

0.075

Enterolactone

123.99

97

136.55

99

0.044

  1. a P value from the Wilcoxon – Mann – Whitney test.