From: Evaluation of the current knowledge limitations in breast cancer research: a gap analysis
What do we know? | Patient groups can be successfully stratified in clinical trials using biomarkers. |
What are the gaps? | Optimum protocols for pathological assessment of DCIS and sentinel lymph nodes. |
 | Combining clinical, radiological, pathological and genomic data in trial populations. |
 | No robust validated markers have yet been developed for predicting response to chemotherapy or radiotherapy. |
 | There is no consensus for markers indicative of resistance to therapy. |
 | There is a need for improved prognostic indices based on disease markers. |
Problems | New assays must be robust and reproducible. |
 | There is a need for standardisation of tissue handling. |
 | The impact of legislation, industrial involvement and academic pressures. |
 | Networks of collaboration employing systems biology are required. |
Translational implications | Accurate recognition of the diversity of breast cancer. |
 | Identification of patients most likely to benefit. |
 | Identification of patients least likely to benefit from therapy and hence able to avoid toxicity. |
Recommendations | Design innovative trials and translational studies to develop and evaluate predictive and prognostic markers. |
 | Develop close multidisciplinary collaboration with high-quality histopathology and rigorous scientific assessments to validate new markers important for patient outcome. |
 | Identify robust markers of resistance or sensitivity to therapy that can be applied across the spectrum of breast disease from screen-detected to metastatic breast cancer. |