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Table 2 Selected variables in relation to leptin and absolute mammographic densitya

From: Plasma levels of leptin and mammographic density among postmenopausal women: a cross-sectional study

 

n

Leptin concentration (ng/ml)

Leptin concentration (ng/ml) adjusted for BMIb

P valuec

Absolute mammographic density (cm2)

Absolute mammographic density (cm2) adjusted for BMIb

P valuec

Age in tertiles (n = 967)

       

   55–58 years

318

14.0 (12.9–15.2)

13.4 (12.5–14.4)

 

13.3 (11.6–15.2)

12.6 (11.0–14.4)

 

   59–63 years

340

14.4 (13.3–15.6)

13.6 (12.7–14.6)

 

10.9 (9.6–12.4)

10.3 (9.0–11.7)

 

   64–71 years

309

14.1 (13.0–15.3)

13.4 (12.5–14.4)

0.98

10.5 (9.2–12.1)

10.1 (8.8–11.5)

0.01

Number of full-term pregnancies (n = 967)

       

   0

69

14.7 (12.4–17.5)

14.9 (12.9–17.2)

 

19.7 (15.0–26.1)

18.1 (13.9–23.7)

 

   1–2

385

12.9 (12.0–13.8)

12.6 (11.8–13.4)

 

13.8 (12.3–15.5)

13.0 (11.5–14.7)

 

   3

309

14.6 (13.5–15.9)

14.2 (13.2–15.3)

 

11.4 (10.0–13.0)

10.6 (9.3–12.19

 

   4 and more

204

15.9 (14.4–17.6)

13.8 (12.6–15.0)

0.30

6.8 (5.8–8.0)

6.8 (5.8–8.0)

<0.001

Age at first birth (n = 898) (82 have imputed values)

       

   < 20 years

129

16.3 (14.4–18.5)

14.4 (12.9–16.0)

 

7.2 (5.9–8.9)

7.1 (5.8–8.7)

 

   20–24 years

535

14.1 (13.2–15.0)

13.2 (12.5–14.0)

 

10.9 (9.9–12.1)

10.2 (9.2–11.4)

 

   >24 years

234

13.1 (12.0–14.4)

12.7 (11.7–14.0)

0.08

14.2 (12.1–16.5)

13.3 (11.4–15.5)

<0.001

Postmenopausal hormone use (n = 967)

       

   Current use

253

13.5 (12.3–14.8)

13.5 (12.5–14.6)

 

16.7 (14.4–19.3)

15.1 (13.0–17.6)

 

   Current nonuse

714

14.4 (13.6–15.2)

13.5 (12.8–14.2)

0.97

10.1 (9.2–11.0)

9.8 (8.9–10.7)

<0.001

Smoking (n = 906)

       

   Current nonsmoking

638

15.5 (14.7–16.4)

14.1 (13.4–14.8)

 

11.6 (10.6–12.8)

11.6 (10.5–12.8)

 

   Current daily smoking

268

11.4 (10.4–12.4)

12.4 (11.5–13.4)

0.01

11.2 (9.7–13.0)

9.4 (8.1–10.9)

0.02

Alcohol consumption (100 g alcohol/month) (n = 877)

       

   No alcohol

225

14.0 (12.7–15.4)

13.1 (12.1–14.2)

 

10.4 (8.9–12.2)

10.4 (8.9–12.1)

 

   Lower tertile (<0.42)

206

14.5 (13.1–16.0)

13.8 (13.0–15.1)

 

10.5 (8.9–12.4)

9.9 (8.4–11.7)

 

   Mid tertile (0.42–1.1)

213

15.1 (13.6–16.6)

13.9 (12.7–15.1)

 

10.5 (8.9–12.3)

10.2 (8.7–12.1)

 

   Upper tertile (>1.1)

233

13.5 (12.3–14.9)

13.7 (12.6–14.9)

0.48

14.2 (12.2–16.6)

12.7 (10.8–14.8)

0.06

BMI (n = 967)

       

   <25

330

9.0 (8.4–9.6)

  

16.4 (14.5–18.6)

  

   25–30

393

15.1 (14.2–16.0)

  

11.8 (10.5–13.3)

  

   >30

244

23.8 (22.0–25.8)

 

<0.001

6.8 (5.8–7.8)

 

<0.001

Waist circumference in tertiles (n = 965)

       

   <83.6 cm

323

9.1 (8.5–9.8)

  

16.3 (14.3–18.5)

  

   83.6–94.1 cm

326

14.4 (13.4–15.4)

  

12.7 (11.2–14.4)

  

   >94.1 cm

316

21.9 (20.4–23.5)

 

<0.001

7.3 (6.4–8.3)

 

<0.001

Mammographic nondense area in tertiles (n = 967)

       

   <120.1 cm2

325

9.8 (9.1–10.6)

12.4 (11.5–13.4)

 

20.3 (18.0–22.9)

18.2 (15.8–20.9)

 

   120.1–172.8 cm2

319

15.0 (14.0–16.2)

14.1 (13.1–15.2)

 

12.2 (10.8–13.8)

11.2 (9.8–12.9)

 

   >172.8 cm2

323

19.3 (17.9–20.8)

14.1 (13.1–15.2)

0.03

6.1 (5.4–6.9)

6.4 (5.6–7.5)

<0.001

Mammographic percentage density in tertiles (n = 967)

       

   < 4.5%

322

17.5 (16.2–19.0)

13.4 (12.5–14.4)

    

   4.5–15.5%

322

13.8 (12.7–14.9)

13.6 (12.7–14.6)

    

   >15.5%

323

11.8 (10.9–12.7)

13.5 (12.5–14.5)

0.9

   
  1. aAnalysis of variance. Leptin and absolute mammographic density were log-transformed, reported means are back-transformed
  2. bAdjusted for body mass index (BMI), categorized as <20, 20–22, 23–24, 25–26, 27–28, 29–31, 32–34, >34.
  3. cFor dichotomous variables, P values were obtained from analysis of variance, otherwise P values were obtained from test for trend. Analyses are adjusted for BMI; except for BMI and waist circumference, where the trend tests refer to the crude analyses.