Cytology | Biomarker | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Fluid collection | Sensitivity | Specificity | Assay | Sensitivity | Specificity | Ref. |
Nipple discharge | 33% palpable cases | NA | CEA immunoassay | 75% | 89% | [42] |
14% nonpalpable cases | NA | 80% | 89% | |||
Nipple discharge/ductography, milking/washing ducts with saline | 30% | 100% | LOH-PCR | 70% | 83% | [73] |
ROBE | ICMD/no malignant cytology | ICMD/no malignant cytology | MSP | 85%, 29% DCIS | 80% | [51] |
Lavage | 33% | 89% | FISH | 100% | 100% | [70] |
Lavage | 47% | 79% | FISH | 71% | 89% | [39] |
NAF | 59% | NA | MSP | 82% | 100% | [43] |
Lavage | 31% | 100% | SELDI-TOF MS | 75% | NA | [41] |