From: Key stages in mammary gland development: The cues that regulate ductal branching morphogenesis
Regulator | Agonists | Antagonists | Targets | Effects |
---|---|---|---|---|
GH-R (st) | GH (pit) | Â | IGF-1 (st) | General |
IGF-1R (ep) | IGF-1 (st) | IGFBPs (st) | Unknown | General |
ER-α (st/ep) | E1/E2 (ov) |  | Amphiregulin et al. | General |
PR-B (st?) | ER, P (ov) | Â | Wnt4, RANKL | Tertiary branching |
EGFR (st) | Amphiregulin (ep) | Sprouty? | MMPs, FGFs et al. | General |
Amphiregulin (ep) | ER, ADAM17 (ep) | HSPGs | EGFR (st) | General |
ADAM17 (ep) | PPCs et al. | TIMP3 (ep) | Amphiregulin (ep) | General |
MMP-14 (st) | EGFR, PPCs et al. | TIMPs 2–4 | MMP-2, Coll I | General |
MMP-2 (st?) | TGF-β, ER, MMP-14 | TIMPs 1–4 | Coll I et al.? | Elongation |
MMP-3 (st) | Epimorphin et al. | TGF-β, TIMPs | Unknown | Secondary branching |
FGFR2 (ep) | FGFs (st) | Sprouty2 (ep) | Unknown | TEBs |
ErbB2 (ep) | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | TEBs |
Epimorphin (st/me) | Metalloenzymes | Unknown | C/EPBβ, MMPs | Branching |
TGF-β1 (ep) | ER, MMPs, plasmin | LAP | TGF-βRI/II, MMPs | Spacing |
CSF-1R (mφ) | CSF-1 (ep) |  | Mφ recruitment | TEBs |
CCR3 (eos) | Eotaxin | Â | Eos recruitment | Branching |
Integrin α2β1 (ep) | Laminins, collagens |  |  | TEBs, ducts |
DDR1 (ep) | Collagens | Â | Â | TEBs, ducts |